IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i13p4940-d1179158.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Glycerol as an Anti-Knock Additive and Secondary Fuel as a Substitute for Gasoline-Based Fuels for the IC Engine

Author

Listed:
  • Stanislaw Szwaja

    (Department of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Michal Gruca

    (Department of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Michal Pyrc

    (Department of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Romualdas Juknelevičius

    (Faculty of Mechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytinės g. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, Lithuania)

Abstract

The article discusses the possibility of using glycerol as an additive to the engine fuel in order to reduce the tendency of combustion knock, and thus to increase the octane number of a given fuel. Experimental tests were carried out on the UIT-85 research engine with a variable compression ratio from eight to eleven to test the intensity of the knock. The completely renewable fuel—the blend of glycerol with butanol in the ratio of 25 and 75%, respectively—was tested. A comparative analysis of the knock intensity was conducted with gasoline 95 and N -butanol tested as reference fuels. The developed method for knock analysis using the proposed knock indicator was also presented. The experimental results proved the proposed blend of N -butanol and glycerol reduces the knock intensity by more than 50% in the spark-ignition engine at a compression ratio of 10, maintaining engine performance at a similar level as it was for a gasoline-fueled engine. The results confirmed the thesis on the reduction of knock intensity when adding glycerol to N -butanol.

Suggested Citation

  • Stanislaw Szwaja & Michal Gruca & Michal Pyrc & Romualdas Juknelevičius, 2023. "Glycerol as an Anti-Knock Additive and Secondary Fuel as a Substitute for Gasoline-Based Fuels for the IC Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:4940-:d:1179158
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/4940/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/4940/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Deng, Banglin & Fu, Jianqin & Zhang, Daming & Yang, Jing & Feng, Renhua & Liu, Jingping & Li, Ke & Liu, Xiaoqiang, 2013. "The heat release analysis of bio-butanol/gasoline blends on a high speed SI (spark ignition) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 230-241.
    2. Wei, Haiqiao & Feng, Dengquan & Pan, Mingzhang & Pan, JiaYing & Rao, XiaoKang & Gao, Dongzhi, 2016. "Experimental investigation on the knocking combustion characteristics of n-butanol gasoline blends in a DISI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 346-355.
    3. Feng, Dengquan & Wei, Haiqiao & Pan, Mingzhang & Zhou, Lei & Hua, Jianxiong, 2018. "Combustion performance of dual-injection using n-butanol direct-injection and gasoline port fuel-injection in a SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 573-581.
    4. Michal Gruca & Michal Pyrc & Magdalena Szwaja & Stanislaw Szwaja, 2020. "Effective Combustion of Glycerol in a Compression Ignition Engine Equipped with Double Direct Fuel Injection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Merola, Simona Silvia & Valentino, Gerardo & Tornatore, Cinzia & Marchitto, Luca, 2013. "In-cylinder spectroscopic measurements of knocking combustion in a SI engine fuelled with butanol–gasoline blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 150-161.
    6. Jacopo Zembi & Michele Battistoni & Francesco Ranuzzi & Nicolò Cavina & Matteo De Cesare, 2019. "CFD Analysis of Port Water Injection in a GDI Engine under Incipient Knock Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Liu, Daming, 2020. "Bio-butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2494-2521.
    2. Merola, Simona Silvia & Tornatore, Cinzia & Irimescu, Adrian & Marchitto, Luca & Valentino, Gerardo, 2016. "Optical diagnostics of early flame development in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) engine fueled with n-butanol and gasoline," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 50-62.
    3. Liu, Kaimin & Fu, Jianqin & Deng, Banglin & Yang, Jing & Tang, Qijun & Liu, Jingping, 2014. "The influences of pressure and temperature on laminar flame propagations of n-butanol, iso-octane and their blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 703-715.
    4. Shang, Zhen & Yu, Xiumin & Ren, Lei & Wei, Guowu & Li, Guanting & Li, Decheng & Li, Yinan, 2020. "Comparative study on effects of injection mode on combustion and emission characteristics of a combined injection n-butanol/gasoline SI engine with hydrogen direct injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    5. d'Adamo, A. & Breda, S. & Berni, F. & Fontanesi, S., 2019. "The potential of statistical RANS to predict knock tendency: Comparison with LES and experiments on a spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 126-142.
    6. Song, Jingeun & Kim, Taehoon & Jang, Jihwan & Park, Sungwook, 2015. "Effects of the injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion characteristics in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) optical engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1758-1768.
    7. Wei, Haiqiao & Feng, Dengquan & Pan, Jiaying & Shao, Aifang & Pan, Mingzhang, 2017. "Knock characteristics of SI engine fueled with n-butanol in combination with different EGR rate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 190-196.
    8. Şahin, Zehra & Aksu, Orhan N., 2015. "Experimental investigation of the effects of using low ratio n-butanol/diesel fuel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a turbocharged DI diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 279-290.
    9. Lijia Zhong & Changwen Liu, 2019. "Numerical Analysis of End-Gas Autoignition and Pressure Oscillation in a Downsized SI Engine Using Large Eddy Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-20, October.
    10. Dhamodaran, Gopinath & Esakkimuthu, Ganapathy Sundaram & Pochareddy, Yashwanth Kutti & Sivasubramanian, Harish, 2017. "Investigation of n-butanol as fuel in a four-cylinder MPFI SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 726-735.
    11. Tara Larsson & Senthil Krishnan Mahendar & Anders Christiansen-Erlandsson & Ulf Olofsson, 2021. "The Effect of Pure Oxygenated Biofuels on Efficiency and Emissions in a Gasoline Optimised DISI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    12. Michał Wojcieszyk & Lotta Knuutila & Yuri Kroyan & Mário de Pinto Balsemão & Rupali Tripathi & Juha Keskivali & Anna Karvo & Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio & Otto Blomstedt & Martti Larmi, 2021. "Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    13. Moreira, Rui & Bimbela, Fernando & Gandía, Luis M. & Ferreira, Abel & Sánchez, Jose Luis & Portugal, António, 2021. "Oxidative steam reforming of glycerol. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    14. Feng, Dengquan & Wei, Haiqiao & Pan, Mingzhang & Zhou, Lei & Hua, Jianxiong, 2018. "Combustion performance of dual-injection using n-butanol direct-injection and gasoline port fuel-injection in a SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 573-581.
    15. Thiago Rodrigo Vieira da Silva & Nilton Antonio Diniz Netto & Jeanine Costa Santos & Augusto Cesar Teixeira Malaquias & José Guilherme Coelho Baêta, 2022. "Development Procedure for Performance Estimation and Main Dimensions Calculation of a Highly-Boosted Ethanol Engine with Water Injection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-24, June.
    16. Yuanxu Li & Zhi Ning & Chia-fon F. Lee & Timothy H. Lee & Junhao Yan, 2018. "Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    17. Liu, Mao-Bin & He, Bang-Quan & Zhao, Hua, 2015. "Effect of air dilution and effective compression ratio on the combustion characteristics of a HCCI (homogeneous charge compression ignition) engine fuelled with n-butanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 296-303.
    18. Zhenbin Chen & Jiaojun Deng & Haisheng Zhen & Chenyu Wang & Li Wang, 2022. "Experimental Investigation of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline on Engine Noise, Cyclic Variations and Combustion Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, February.
    19. Li, Yuqiang & Meng, Lei & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Timothy H. & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Liao, Shengming, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a spark ignition engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 43-54.
    20. Zhang, Jianan & Wang, Yuesen & Muldoon, Valerie L. & Deng, Sili, 2022. "Crude glycerol and glycerol as fuels and fuel additives in combustion applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:4940-:d:1179158. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.