IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i12p4756-d1172617.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

PV Temperature Prediction Incorporating the Effect of Humidity and Cooling Due to Seawater Flow and Evaporation on Modules Simulating Floating PV Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Socrates Kaplanis

    (Laboratory of Soft Energy Applications and Environmental Protection, University of West Attica, 12201 Athens, Greece)

  • Eleni Kaplani

    (School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)

  • John K. Kaldellis

    (Laboratory of Soft Energy Applications and Environmental Protection, University of West Attica, 12201 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

The temperature prediction for floating PV (FPV) must account for the effect of humidity. In this work, PV temperature prediction for steady-state T pv and transient conditions T pv (t) incorporates the effect of humidity and cooling due to seawater (s.w.) splashing and evaporation on PV modules. The proposed formulas take as main inputs the in-plane solar irradiance , wind speed, ambient temperature, relative humidity (RH), and s.w. temperature. The transient effects of s.w. splashing and the evaporation of the s.w. layer from the module are theoretically described considering the layer’s thickness using Navier–Stokes equations. T pv and T pv (t) measurements were taken before and after s.w. splashing on c-Si modules at the seashore and inland. PV temperature predictions compared to measured values showed very good agreement. The 55% RH at the seashore versus 45% inland caused the T pv to decrease by 18%. The T pv (t) at the end of the s.w. flow of 50–75 mL/s/m on the module at the seashore was 35–51% lower than the T pv inland. This T pv (t) profile depends on the s.w. splashing, lasts for about 1 min, and is attributed to higher convection, water cooling, and evaporation on the modules. The PV efficiency at FPV conditions was estimated to be 4–11.5% higher compared to inland.

Suggested Citation

  • Socrates Kaplanis & Eleni Kaplani & John K. Kaldellis, 2023. "PV Temperature Prediction Incorporating the Effect of Humidity and Cooling Due to Seawater Flow and Evaporation on Modules Simulating Floating PV Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:12:p:4756-:d:1172617
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/12/4756/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/12/4756/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jun Wang & Peter D. Lund, 2022. "Review of Recent Offshore Photovoltaics Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Tina, Giuseppe Marco & Bontempo Scavo, Fausto & Merlo, Leonardo & Bizzarri, Fabrizio, 2021. "Comparative analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    3. Rafael M. Almeida & Rafael Schmitt & Steven M. Grodsky & Alexander S. Flecker & Carla P. Gomes & Lu Zhao & Haohui Liu & Nathan Barros & Rafael Kelman & Peter B. McIntyre, 2022. "Floating solar power could help fight climate change — let’s get it right," Nature, Nature, vol. 606(7913), pages 246-249, June.
    4. Trapani, Kim & Millar, Dean L., 2014. "The thin film flexible floating PV (T3F-PV) array: The concept and development of the prototype," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 43-50.
    5. Eleni Kaplani & Socrates Kaplanis, 2020. "Dynamic Electro-Thermal PV Temperature and Power Output Prediction Model for Any PV Geometries in Free-Standing and BIPV Systems Operating under Any Environmental Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-20, September.
    6. Assoa, Ya Brigitte & Gaillard, Leon & Ménézo, Christophe & Negri, Nicolas & Sauzedde, François, 2018. "Dynamic prediction of a building integrated photovoltaic system thermal behaviour," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 73-82.
    7. Waithiru Charles Lawrence Kamuyu & Jong Rok Lim & Chang Sub Won & Hyung Keun Ahn, 2018. "Prediction Model of Photovoltaic Module Temperature for Power Performance of Floating PVs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, February.
    8. Kaplanis, S. & Kaplani, E. & Kaldellis, J.K., 2022. "PV temperature and performance prediction in free-standing, BIPV and BAPV incorporating the effect of temperature and inclination on the heat transfer coefficients and the impact of wind, efficiency a," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 235-249.
    9. Mattei, M. & Notton, G. & Cristofari, C. & Muselli, M. & Poggi, P., 2006. "Calculation of the polycrystalline PV module temperature using a simple method of energy balance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 553-567.
    10. Kaldellis, John K. & Kapsali, Marina & Kavadias, Kosmas A., 2014. "Temperature and wind speed impact on the efficiency of PV installations. Experience obtained from outdoor measurements in Greece," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 612-624.
    11. Bahaidarah, H. & Subhan, Abdul & Gandhidasan, P. & Rehman, S., 2013. "Performance evaluation of a PV (photovoltaic) module by back surface water cooling for hot climatic conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 445-453.
    12. Gaetano Mannino & Giuseppe Marco Tina & Mario Cacciato & Leonardo Merlo & Alessio Vincenzo Cucuzza & Fabrizio Bizzarri & Andrea Canino, 2023. "Photovoltaic Module Degradation Forecast Models for Onshore and Offshore Floating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Maarten Dörenkämper & Minne M. de Jong & Jan Kroon & Vilde Stueland Nysted & Josefine Selj & Torunn Kjeldstad, 2023. "Modeled and Measured Operating Temperatures of Floating PV Modules: A Comparison," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-18, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kaplanis, S. & Kaplani, E. & Kaldellis, J.K., 2022. "PV temperature and performance prediction in free-standing, BIPV and BAPV incorporating the effect of temperature and inclination on the heat transfer coefficients and the impact of wind, efficiency a," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 235-249.
    2. Ma, Chao & Liu, Zhao, 2022. "Water-surface photovoltaics: Performance, utilization, and interactions with water eco-environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    3. Al-Amri, Fahad & Saeed, Farooq & Mujeebu, Muhammad Abdul, 2022. "Novel dual-function racking structure for passive cooling of solar PV panels –thermal performance analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 100-113.
    4. Daniel Matulić & Željko Andabaka & Sanja Radman & Goran Fruk & Josip Leto & Jakša Rošin & Mirta Rastija & Ivana Varga & Tea Tomljanović & Hrvoje Čeprnja & Marko Karoglan, 2023. "Agrivoltaics and Aquavoltaics: Potential of Solar Energy Use in Agriculture and Freshwater Aquaculture in Croatia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-26, July.
    5. Thopil, George Alex & Sachse, Christiaan Eddie & Lalk, Jörg & Thopil, Miriam Sara, 2020. "Techno-economic performance comparison of crystalline and thin film PV panels under varying meteorological conditions: A high solar resource southern hemisphere case," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    6. Rahaman, Md Atiqur & Chambers, Terrence L. & Fekih, Afef & Wiecheteck, Giovana & Carranza, Gabriel & Possetti, Gustavo Rafael Collere, 2023. "Floating photovoltaic module temperature estimation: Modeling and comparison," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 162-180.
    7. Chikh, Madjid & Berkane, Smain & Mahrane, Achour & Sellami, Rabah & Yassaa, Noureddine, 2021. "Performance assessment of a 400 kWp multi- technology photovoltaic grid-connected pilot plant in arid region of Algeria," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 488-501.
    8. Kane, Aarti & Verma, Vishal & Singh, Bhim, 2017. "Optimization of thermoelectric cooling technology for an active cooling of photovoltaic panel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1295-1305.
    9. Ranjbaran, Parisa & Yousefi, Hossein & Gharehpetian, G.B. & Astaraei, Fatemeh Razi, 2019. "A review on floating photovoltaic (FPV) power generation units," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 332-347.
    10. Dong Eun Jung & Chanuk Lee & Kee Han Kim & Sung Lok Do, 2020. "Development of a Predictive Model for a Photovoltaic Module’s Surface Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
    11. Laura Essak & Aritra Ghosh, 2022. "Floating Photovoltaics: A Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-18, August.
    12. Hasan, Ahmed & Sarwar, Jawad & Shah, Ali Hasan, 2018. "Concentrated photovoltaic: A review of thermal aspects, challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 835-852.
    13. Zia R. Tahir & Ammara Kanwal & Muhammad Asim & M. Bilal & Muhammad Abdullah & Sabeena Saleem & M. A. Mujtaba & Ibham Veza & Mohamed Mousa & M. A. Kalam, 2022. "Effect of Temperature and Wind Speed on Efficiency of Five Photovoltaic Module Technologies for Different Climatic Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-32, November.
    14. Lucas, M. & Ruiz, J. & Aguilar, F.J. & Cutillas, C.G. & Kaiser, A.S. & Vicente, P.G., 2019. "Experimental study of a modified evaporative photovoltaic chimney including water sliding," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 161-168.
    15. Koami Soulemane Hayibo & Pierce Mayville & Ravneet Kaur Kailey & Joshua M. Pearce, 2020. "Water Conservation Potential of Self-Funded Foam-Based Flexible Surface-Mounted Floatovoltaics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-24, November.
    16. Hooshmandzade, Niusha & Motevali, Ali & Reza Mousavi Seyedi, Seyed & Biparva, Pouria, 2021. "Influence of single and hybrid water-based nanofluids on performance of microgrid photovoltaic/thermal system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    17. Ali Kareem Abdulrazzaq & Balázs Plesz & György Bognár, 2020. "A Novel Method for Thermal Modelling of Photovoltaic Modules/Cells under Varying Environmental Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-23, June.
    18. Novak, Milan & Vohnout, Rudolf & Landkamer, Ladislav & Budik, Ondrej & Eider, Markus & Mukherjee, Amrit, 2023. "Energy-efficient smart solar system cooling for real-time dynamic weather changes in mild-climate regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    19. Claus, R. & López, M., 2022. "Key issues in the design of floating photovoltaic structures for the marine environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    20. Tina, Giuseppe Marco & Bontempo Scavo, Fausto & Merlo, Leonardo & Bizzarri, Fabrizio, 2021. "Analysis of water environment on the performances of floating photovoltaic plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 281-295.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:12:p:4756-:d:1172617. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.