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State of the Art of the Techniques for Grid Forming Inverters to Solve the Challenges of Renewable Rich Power Grids

Author

Listed:
  • Efaf Bikdeli

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148-71167, Iran)

  • Md. Rabiul Islam

    (School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia)

  • Md. Moktadir Rahman

    (Energy & Grid Division, Ingeteam Australia Pty Ltd., Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia)

  • Kashem M. Muttaqi

    (School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia)

Abstract

To mitigate the fast-growing demand of electrical energy, the use of renewable energy resources, e.g., solar and wind, can offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable solution. Due to their intermittent nature, the grid connected operation of renewable energy resources provides a better performance compared to the standalone operation. However, the massive penetration of power electronic inverter/converter-interfaced renewable resources in power systems introduces new issues, such as voltage and frequency instabilities, because of their inherent low inertia properties. As a consequence, these issues may lead to serious problems, such as system blackouts. Therefore, there is an immediate demand to solve these new issues and ensure the normal performance of the power system with the large penetration of renewable energy resources. To achieve this, grid connected inverters/converters are designed to address these problems and behave as synchronous generators, which is possible with grid forming (GFM) inverters/converters concepts. This paper reviews the recent advancement of GFM converters for solving emerging issues related to the renewable rich power grids. It also provides a comprehensive review on frequency deviations and power system stability issues in low-inertia systems and recent advancements in control methods for harmonic mitigation. It is expected that this paper will help the research community to enhance the technology further to solve the challenges in renewable rich power grids.

Suggested Citation

  • Efaf Bikdeli & Md. Rabiul Islam & Md. Moktadir Rahman & Kashem M. Muttaqi, 2022. "State of the Art of the Techniques for Grid Forming Inverters to Solve the Challenges of Renewable Rich Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:1879-:d:763507
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ashish Shrestha & Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt, 2021. "Frequency Stability Issues and Research Opportunities in Converter Dominated Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Mebtu Beza & Massimo Bongiorno & Anant Narula, 2021. "Impact of Control Loops on the Passivity Properties of Grid-Forming Converters with Fault-Ride through Capability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Ishita Ray, 2021. "Review of Impedance-Based Analysis Methods Applied to Grid-Forming Inverters in Inverter-Dominated Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, May.
    4. Xiaohe Wang & Liang Chen & Dan Sun & Li Zhang & Heng Nian, 2019. "A Modified Self-Synchronized Synchronverter in Unbalanced Power Grids with Balanced Currents and Restrained Power Ripples," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Khalil Gholami & Behnaz Behi & Ali Arefi & Philip Jennings, 2022. "Grid-Forming Virtual Power Plants: Concepts, Technologies and Advantages," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-26, November.

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