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Synchronverter Control Strategy: A Review of Different Improvements and Applications

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  • Michell J. Quintero-Durán

    (Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Nuevas Tecnologías—GENTE, Escuela de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Facultad Duitama, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia—UPTC, Carrera 18 con Calle 22, Duitama 150462, Colombia)

  • John E. Candelo-Becerra

    (Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Energía Eléctrica y Automática, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Robledo, Medellín 050034, Colombia)

  • Mario Eduardo González-Niño

    (Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Sistemas Electromecánicos—GridsE, Escuela de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Facultad Duitama, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia—UPTC, Carrera 18 con Calle 22, Duitama 150462, Colombia)

  • Saúl Andrés Hernández-Moreno

    (Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Nuevas Tecnologías—GENTE, Escuela de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Facultad Duitama, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia—UPTC, Carrera 18 con Calle 22, Duitama 150462, Colombia)

  • Rodolpho Fernando Váz

    (Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Room 130 Heavy Engineering Bldg, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA)

Abstract

In power grids that integrate renewable energy sources, the virtual synchronous machine (VSM) or synchronverter offers a viable solution to the challenge posed by reduced inertia. This technology employs inverters to transfer power to the electrical network that relies on a control algorithm emulating the dynamic behavior of synchronous machines. Over the past decade, it has been applied in various contexts, leveraging its control structure based on the fundamental equations of synchronous machines. Although several review articles have been published on control strategies for grid-forming inverters, they often lack a specific focus on recent developments related to the synchronverter. Therefore, this paper aims to fill that gap by presenting a detailed review on high-quality research databases to retrieve recent documents published in recent years. These documents were classified according to journals, conferences, and books. A keyword bibliographic analysis was performed to identify the attractive topics related to the synchronverter control strategy. The paper reviews recent improvements in and applications of the synchronverter, identifying emerging trends and new potential use cases to provide a workflow guide for readers and researchers, as the documents are presented in comprehensive tables, streamlining the process of locating specific references. In addition, some advantages and disadvantages of synchronverters are reported.

Suggested Citation

  • Michell J. Quintero-Durán & John E. Candelo-Becerra & Mario Eduardo González-Niño & Saúl Andrés Hernández-Moreno & Rodolpho Fernando Váz, 2025. "Synchronverter Control Strategy: A Review of Different Improvements and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-39, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:13:p:3574-:d:1696361
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bing-Kuei Chiu & Kuei-Yen Lee & Yuan-Yih Hsu, 2023. "Battery Energy Storage System Damper Design for a Microgrid with Wind Generators Participating in Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-26, November.
    2. Juan Segundo Ramírez & Josué Hernández Ramírez & Nancy Visairo Cruz & Rafael Peña Gallardo, 2022. "Bifurcation Stability Analysis of the Synchronverter in a Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Xiaohe Wang & Liang Chen & Dan Sun & Li Zhang & Heng Nian, 2019. "A Modified Self-Synchronized Synchronverter in Unbalanced Power Grids with Balanced Currents and Restrained Power Ripples," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Lavr Vetoshkin & Zdeněk Müller, 2021. "A Comparative Analysis of a Power System Stability with Virtual Inertia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Shuting Li & Songrong Wu & Shiqiang Xiang & Yabo Zhang & Josep M. Guerrero & Juan C. Vasquez, 2020. "Research on Synchronverter-Based Regenerative Braking Energy Feedback System of Urban Rail Transit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-23, August.
    6. Wan Chen & Baolian Liu & Muhammad Shahzad Nazir & Ahmed N. Abdalla & Mohamed A. Mohamed & Zujun Ding & Muhammad Shoaib Bhutta & Mehr Gul, 2022. "An Energy Storage Assessment: Using Frequency Modulation Approach to Capture Optimal Coordination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-15, July.
    7. Vasudevan, Krishnakumar R. & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Venugopal, Gomathi & Guerrero, Josep M. & David Agundis Tinajero, Gibran, 2022. "Synergizing pico hydel and battery energy storage with adaptive synchronverter control for frequency regulation of autonomous microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
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