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Energy Management System for Grid-Connected Nanogrid during COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Saif Jamal

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Jagadeesh Pasupuleti

    (Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Nur Azzammudin Rahmat

    (Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga National, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Nadia M. L. Tan

    (Key Laboratory of More Electric Aircraft Technology of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China)

Abstract

An effective energy management system (EMS) was designed based on the Stateflow (SF) approach for a grid-connected nanogrid (NG) composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array with a battery bank and supercapacitor (SC) energy storage system (ESS). The PV energy system, battery bank and SC (ESS), dual active bridge DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, control algorithms, and controllers were developed to test the operation of the NG. The average and high-frequency power components are separated using frequency division of the ESS power utilizing a low-pass filter; the average power is absorbed by the battery bank, while the high-frequency power is absorbed by the SC. The aim of this paper is to design an EMS to manage the energy of a grid-connected NG system considering the availability of the PV array, ESS, and demand requirements. Different scenarios of operation were tested to check the EMS behaviour during the day with a random demand profile, including: (1) a PV array with the grid supplying the load without an EMS; (2) a PV array, batteries, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (3) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (4) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS, with load profile reduction by 20% due to COVID-19. As per the simulation results, the proposed EMS enables the flow of power in the NG system and demonstrates the impact on the ESS by minimising carbon emissions via a reduction in grid consumption. Furthermore, the SF method is regarded as a helpful alternative to popular design approaches employing conventional software tools.

Suggested Citation

  • Saif Jamal & Jagadeesh Pasupuleti & Nur Azzammudin Rahmat & Nadia M. L. Tan, 2022. "Energy Management System for Grid-Connected Nanogrid during COVID-19," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:20:p:7689-:d:945983
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michał Gocki & Agnieszka Jakubowska-Ciszek & Piotr Pruski, 2022. "Comparative Analysis of a New Class of Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitors Constructed on the Basis of ITO Collectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.

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