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Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon

Author

Listed:
  • Krystian Krochmalny

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Halina Pawlak-Kruczek

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Norbert Skoczylas

    (The Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Mateusz Kudasik

    (The Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Aleksandra Gajda

    (The Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Renata Gnatowska

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Thermal Machinery, Częstochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 21, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland)

  • Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Tomasz Czapka

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Amit K. Jaiswal

    (School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland)

  • Vishwajeet

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Amit Arora

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University, Ferozepur 152004, Punjab, India)

  • Tomasz Hardy

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Mateusz Jackowski

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Michał Ostrycharczyk

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Łukasz Niedźwiecki

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

This paper presents results that show the effect of hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent cold plasma jet treatment with helium and argon on the structure and sorption properties of a material—spent brewery grain. Treatment of activated carbon, with a cold atmospheric plasma jet, was used comparatively. The effect of activation on the pore structure of the materials was carried out by the volumetric method at low pressure (N 2 , 77 K). The specific surface area as well as the total pore volume, average pore size, and pore size distribution were determined using different theoretical models. A high improvement in the sorption capacity parameter was obtained for hydrochars after cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment with an increase of 7.5 times (using He) and 11.6 times (using Ar) compared with hydrochars before cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment. The increase in specific surface area was five-fold (He) and fifteen-fold (Ar). For activated carbon, such a large change was not obtained after plasma activation. Regardless of the gas used, the increase in structural parameter values was 1.1–1.3.

Suggested Citation

  • Krystian Krochmalny & Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Norbert Skoczylas & Mateusz Kudasik & Aleksandra Gajda & Renata Gnatowska & Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk & Tomasz Czapka & Amit K. Jaiswal & Vishwajeet & Amit A, 2022. "Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:12:p:4396-:d:840578
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    References listed on IDEAS

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