IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i5p1309-d507463.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence of Short Carbon-Chain Alcohol (Ethanol and 1-Propanol)/Diesel Fuel Blends over Diesel Engine Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • María D. Redel-Macías

    (Department of Rural Engineering, Ed Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

  • David E. Leiva-Candia

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Ed Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

  • José A. Soriano

    (Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial de Toledo, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Real Fábrica de Armas. Edif. Sabatini. Av. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain)

  • José M. Herreros

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK)

  • Antonio J. Cubero-Atienza

    (Department of Rural Engineering, Ed Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Sara Pinzi

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Ed Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

Abstract

Oxygenated fuels, in this case short carbon-chain alcohols, have been investigated as alternative fuels to power compression ignition engines. A major advantage of short-chain alcohols is that they can be produced from renewable resources, i.e., cultivated commodities or biomass-based biorefineries. However, before entering the market, the effects of short-chain alcohols on engine performance, exhaust emissions, noise and sound quality need to be understood. This work sheds light on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the alcohol/diesel fuel blends (ethanol and 1-propanol) on engine performance, exhaust emissions and, for the first time, on noise and sound quality. It has been demonstrated that when the content of alcohol in blends increased, soot and soluble organic material emissions drastically decreased, mainly due to the increase of oxygen content in the fuel. Reduction in soot emissions combined with higher thermodynamic efficiency of alcohol fuels, with respect to diesel fuel, enable their utilization on compression ignition engines. There is also an improvement in the soot-NO x trade off, leading to large reductions on soot with a small effect on NO x emissions. The oxygen content within the fuel reduces CO and THC emissions at extra-urban driving operation conditions. However, hydrocarbons and CO emissions increased at urban driving conditions, due to the high heat of vaporization of the alcohol fuels which reduces cylinder temperature worsening fuel atomization, vaporization and mixing with air being more significant at lower cylinder temperature conditions (low engine loads and speeds). Similarly, the higher the presence of alcohol in the blend, the higher the noise emitted by the engine due to their low tendency to auto-ignition. The optimization of alcohol quantity and the calibration of engine control parameters (e.g., injection settings) which is out of the scope of this work, will be required to overcome noise emission penalty. Furthermore, under similar alcohol content in the blend (10% v / v ), the use of propanol is preferred over ethanol, as it exhibits lower exhaust emissions and better sound quality than ethanol.

Suggested Citation

  • María D. Redel-Macías & David E. Leiva-Candia & José A. Soriano & José M. Herreros & Antonio J. Cubero-Atienza & Sara Pinzi, 2021. "Influence of Short Carbon-Chain Alcohol (Ethanol and 1-Propanol)/Diesel Fuel Blends over Diesel Engine Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1309-:d:507463
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1309/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1309/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Turner, J.W.G. & Pearson, R.J. & Dekker, E. & Iosefa, B. & Johansson, K. & ac Bergström, K., 2013. "Extending the role of alcohols as transport fuels using iso-stoichiometric ternary blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 72-86.
    2. Javier Monsalve-Serrano & Giacomo Belgiorno & Gabriele Di Blasio & María Guzmán-Mendoza, 2020. "1D Simulation and Experimental Analysis on the Effects of the Injection Parameters in Methane–Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D., 2016. "Combustion noise radiation during dynamic diesel engine operation including effects of various biofuel blends: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1099-1113.
    4. Rajesh Kumar, B. & Saravanan, S., 2016. "Use of higher alcohol biofuels in diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 84-115.
    5. Lin, Lin & Cunshan, Zhou & Vittayapadung, Saritporn & Xiangqian, Shen & Mingdong, Dong, 2011. "Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1020-1031, April.
    6. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2013. "Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 170-190.
    7. Balat, Mustafa & Balat, Havva, 2009. "Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(11), pages 2273-2282, November.
    8. Fayad, M.A. & Tsolakis, A. & Fernández-Rodríguez, D. & Herreros, J.M. & Martos, F.J. & Lapuerta, M., 2017. "Manipulating modern diesel engine particulate emission characteristics through butanol fuel blending and fuel injection strategies for efficient diesel oxidation catalysts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 490-500.
    9. Balamurugan, T. & Nalini, R., 2014. "Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of four stroke diesel engine using diesel blended with alcohol as fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 356-363.
    10. Li, De-gang & Zhen, Huang & Xingcai, Lŭ & Wu-gao, Zhang & Jian-guang, Yang, 2005. "Physico-chemical properties of ethanol–diesel blend fuel and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 967-976.
    11. Campos-Fernández, Javier & Arnal, Juan M. & Gómez, Jose & Dorado, M. Pilar, 2012. "A comparison of performance of higher alcohols/diesel fuel blends in a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 267-275.
    12. Shahir, S.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Imran, A. & Ashraful, A.M., 2015. "Performance and emission assessment of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend as a fuel in diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 62-78.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Giorgia De Guido & Chiara Monticelli & Elvira Spatolisano & Laura Annamaria Pellegrini, 2021. "Separation of the Mixture 2-Propanol + Water by Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation with Isooctane as an Entrainer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Navaneetha Krishnan Balakrishnan & Yew Heng Teoh & Heoy Geok How & Thanh Danh Le & Huu Tho Nguyen, 2023. "An Experimental Investigation on the Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled by Diesel-Palm Biodiesel–Ethanol/Propanol Based Ternary Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    2. Yusri, I.M. & Mamat, R. & Najafi, G. & Razman, A. & Awad, Omar I. & Azmi, W.H. & Ishak, W.F.W. & Shaiful, A.I.M., 2017. "Alcohol based automotive fuels from first four alcohol family in compression and spark ignition engine: A review on engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 169-181.
    3. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    4. Manju Dhakad Tanwar & Felipe Andrade Torres & Ali Mubarak Alqahtani & Pankaj Kumar Tanwar & Yashas Bhand & Omid Doustdar, 2023. "Promising Bioalcohols for Low-Emission Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Wei, L. & Cheung, C.S. & Ning, Z., 2018. "Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 957-970.
    6. Odziemkowska, Małgorzata & Matuszewska, Anna & Czarnocka, Joanna, 2016. "Diesel oil with bioethanol as a fuel for compression-ignition engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1264-1272.
    7. Escalante, Edwin Santiago Rios & Ramos, Luth Silva & Rodriguez Coronado, Christian J. & de Carvalho Júnior, João Andrade, 2022. "Evaluation of the potential feedstock for biojet fuel production: Focus in the Brazilian context," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    8. Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, Abdul A., 2017. "Effect of emulsification and blending on the oxygenation and substitution of diesel fuel for compression ignition engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1281-1294.
    9. David Fernández-Rodríguez & Magín Lapuerta & Lizzie German, 2021. "Progress in the Use of Biobutanol Blends in Diesel Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-22, May.
    10. Geng, Peng & Cao, Erming & Tan, Qinming & Wei, Lijiang, 2017. "Effects of alternative fuels on the combustion characteristics and emission products from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 523-534.
    11. Zaharin, M.S.M. & Abdullah, N.R. & Najafi, G. & Sharudin, H. & Yusaf, T., 2017. "Effects of physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel blends with alcohol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 475-493.
    12. Xiaoqing Zhang & Tie Li & Pengfei Ma & Bin Wang, 2017. "Spray Combustion Characteristics and Soot Emission Reduction of Hydrous Ethanol Diesel Emulsion Fuel Using Color-Ratio Pyrometry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, December.
    13. Tamilselvan, P. & Nallusamy, N. & Rajkumar, S., 2017. "A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1134-1159.
    14. Mukhtar, M.N.A. & Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A. Adam & Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, 2019. "Tri-fuel emulsion with secondary atomization attributes for greener diesel engine – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 490-506.
    15. Bora, Plaban & Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti & Boro, Jutika & Phukan, Mayur Mausoom & Deka, Dhanapati & Konwar, Bolin Kumar, 2014. "Hybrid biofuels from non-edible oils: A comparative standpoint with corresponding biodiesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 450-460.
    16. Lapuerta, Magín & Hernández, Juan José & Fernández-Rodríguez, David & Cova-Bonillo, Alexis, 2017. "Autoignition of blends of n-butanol and ethanol with diesel or biodiesel fuels in a constant-volume combustion chamber," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 613-621.
    17. Kumar, Himansh & Sarma, A.K. & Kumar, Pramod, 2020. "A comprehensive review on preparation, characterization, and combustion characteristics of microemulsion based hybrid biofuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    18. Wei, Liangjie & Cheung, C.S. & Huang, Zuohua, 2014. "Effect of n-pentanol addition on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 172-180.
    19. Mao, Dongxu & Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Cheung, Chun Shun & Shen, Zhaojie & Cui, Wenzheng & Wong, Pak Kin, 2020. "Influence of alternative fuels on the particulate matter micro and nano-structures, volatility and oxidation reactivity in a compression ignition engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    20. Chen, Longfei & Ding, Shirun & Liu, Haoye & Lu, Yiji & Li, Yanfei & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2017. "Comparative study of combustion and emissions of kerosene (RP-3), kerosene-pentanol blends and diesel in a compression ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 91-100.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1309-:d:507463. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.