IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i4p934-d497146.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Pathways for Future Norwegian Residential Building Areas

Author

Listed:
  • Natasa Nord

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondeheim, Norway)

  • Yiyu Ding

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondeheim, Norway)

  • Ola Skrautvol

    (Erichsen & Horgen AS, 0484 Oslo, Norway)

  • Stian Fossmo Eliassen

    (Norconsult AS, 8003 Bodø, Norway)

Abstract

Owing to stricter building energy requirements, future buildings will be characterized by low base loads and occasional high peaks. However, future building areas will still contain existing and historical buildings with high energy demand. Meanwhile, there is a requirement that future building areas should obtain energy from renewable energy sources, while existing buildings need to be transited to renewables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an approach for modelling energy pathways for future Norwegian residential building areas by analyzing different energy supply systems. Several calculation methods were combined: building simulation, energy supply technology simulation, heat demand aggregation, and data post-processing. The results showed that the energy pathways would be very dependent on CO 2 -factors for energy sources, and it is hard to predict accurate CO 2 -factors. An increasing housing stock development would slightly increase the CO 2 emissions towards 2050, although the new buildings used much less energy and the existing buildings underwent renovation. A constant housing stock would yield a 22–27% reduction of CO 2 emissions by 2050. This showed that implementing stricter building codes had a lower impact on the total CO 2 emissions than CO 2 -factors and energy technologies. The focus should lie on energy supply systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Natasa Nord & Yiyu Ding & Ola Skrautvol & Stian Fossmo Eliassen, 2021. "Energy Pathways for Future Norwegian Residential Building Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:934-:d:497146
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/934/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/934/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Taner, Tolga & Sivrioglu, Mecit, 2015. "Energy–exergy analysis and optimisation of a model sugar factory in Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 641-654.
    2. Kauko, Hanne & Kvalsvik, Karoline Husevåg & Rohde, Daniel & Nord, Natasa & Utne, Åmund, 2018. "Dynamic modeling of local district heating grids with prosumers: A case study for Norway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 261-271.
    3. Tereshchenko, Tymofii & Nord, Natasa, 2016. "Energy planning of district heating for future building stock based on renewable energies and increasing supply flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1227-1244.
    4. Nord, Natasa & Løve Nielsen, Elise Kristine & Kauko, Hanne & Tereshchenko, Tymofii, 2018. "Challenges and potentials for low-temperature district heating implementation in Norway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 889-902.
    5. Allard, Stéphane & Mima, Silvana & Debusschere, Vincent & Quoc, Tuan Tran & Criqui, Patrick & Hadjsaid, Nouredine, 2020. "European transmission grid expansion as a flexibility option in a scenario of large scale variable renewable energies integration," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    6. Taner, Tolga & Sivrioglu, Mecit, 2017. "A techno-economic & cost analysis of a turbine power plant: A case study for sugar plant," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 722-730.
    7. Hobley, Alexander, 2019. "Will gas be gone in the United Kingdom (UK) by 2050? An impact assessment of urban heat decarbonisation and low emission vehicle uptake on future UK energy system scenarios," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 695-705.
    8. Dominković, Dominik Franjo & Junker, Rune Grønborg & Lindberg, Karen Byskov & Madsen, Henrik, 2020. "Implementing flexibility into energy planning models: Soft-linking of a high-level energy planning model and a short-term operational model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    9. Stéphane Allard & Silvana Mima & Vincent Debusschere & Tuan Tran Quoc & Patrick Criqui & Nouredine Hadjsaid, 2020. "European transmission grid expansion as a flexibility option in a scenario of large scale variable renewable energies integration," Post-Print hal-02502378, HAL.
    10. Chen, Yixing & Hong, Tianzhen & Piette, Mary Ann, 2017. "Automatic generation and simulation of urban building energy models based on city datasets for city-scale building retrofit analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 323-335.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Allard, Stéphane & Debusschere, Vincent & Mima, Silvana & Quoc, Tuan Tran & Hadjsaid, Nouredine & Criqui, Patrick, 2020. "Considering distribution grids and local flexibilities in the prospective development of the European power system by 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    2. Fan, Feilong & Huang, Wentao & Tai, Nengling & Zheng, Xiaodong & Hu, Yan & Ma, Zhoujun, 2018. "A conditional depreciation balancing strategy for the equitable operation of extended hybrid energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1937-1952.
    3. Tosatto, Andrea & Beseler, Xavier Martínez & Østergaard, Jacob & Pinson, Pierre & Chatzivasileiadis, Spyros, 2022. "North Sea Energy Islands: Impact on national markets and grids," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    4. Nord, Natasa & Shakerin, Mohammad & Tereshchenko, Tymofii & Verda, Vittorio & Borchiellini, Romano, 2021. "Data informed physical models for district heating grids with distributed heat sources to understand thermal and hydraulic aspects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    5. Loisel, Rodica & Lemiale, Lionel & Mima, Silvana & Bidaud, Adrien, 2022. "Strategies for short-term intermittency in long-term prospective scenarios in the French power system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    6. Hosseinipour, Sayed Amir & Mehrpooya, Mehdi, 2019. "Comparison of the biogas upgrading methods as a transportation fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 641-655.
    7. Xiong, Bobby & Predel, Johannes & Crespo del Granado, Pedro & Egging-Bratseth, Ruud, 2021. "Spatial flexibility in redispatch: Supporting low carbon energy systems with Power-to-Gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    8. Wang, Bin & Ma, Guangliang & Xu, Dan & Zhang, Le & Zhou, Jiahui, 2018. "Switching sliding-mode control strategy based on multi-type restrictive condition for voltage control of buck converter in auxiliary energy source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1373-1384.
    9. Xu, Bin & Luo, Yuemei & Xu, Renjing & Chen, Jianbao, 2021. "Exploring the driving forces of distributed energy resources in China: Using a semiparametric regression model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    10. Arabkoohsar, A., 2019. "Non-uniform temperature district heating system with decentralized heat pumps and standalone storage tanks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 931-941.
    11. Mirhosseini, Mojtaba & Rezania, Alireza & Rosendahl, Lasse, 2019. "Harvesting waste heat from cement kiln shell by thermoelectric system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 358-369.
    12. Liu, Jia & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing & Shan, Kui, 2021. "Hybrid renewable energy applications in zero-energy buildings and communities integrating battery and hydrogen vehicle storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    13. de Rubeis, Tullio & Nardi, Iole & Ambrosini, Dario & Paoletti, Domenica, 2018. "Is a self-sufficient building energy efficient? Lesson learned from a case study in Mediterranean climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 131-145.
    14. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    15. Picardo, Alberto & Soltero, Victor M. & Peralta, M. Estela & Chacartegui, Ricardo, 2019. "District heating based on biogas from wastewater treatment plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 649-664.
    16. Singh, Gurjeet & Singh, P.J. & Tyagi, V.V. & Barnwal, P. & Pandey, A.K., 2019. "Exergy and thermo-economic analysis of ghee production plant in dairy industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 602-618.
    17. Issouf Fofana & Stephan Brettschneider, 2022. "Outdoor Insulation and Gas-Insulated Switchgears," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-7, November.
    18. Grimm, Veronika & Rückel, Bastian & Sölch, Christian & Zöttl, Gregor, 2021. "The impact of market design on transmission and generation investment in electricity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    19. Dogbe, Eunice Sefakor & Mandegari, Mohsen A. & Görgens, Johann F., 2018. "Exergetic diagnosis and performance analysis of a typical sugar mill based on Aspen Plus® simulation of the process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 614-625.
    20. Zhang, Shuang & Zhao, Tao & Xie, Bai-Chen, 2018. "What is the optimal power generation mix of China? An empirical analysis using portfolio theory," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 522-536.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:934-:d:497146. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.