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Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coal for NO x Reduction, Part I: Feedlot Biomass (FB) and Coal:FB Blends

Author

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  • Hyukjin Oh

    (Mechanical Engineering, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Energy Resources Research Department, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), Pohang 790-600, Korea)

  • Kalyan Annamalai

    (Mechanical Engineering, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Paul G. Goughner

    (Mechanical Engineering, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Completion Engineering Advisors, LLC, P.O. Box 134, Wylie, TX 75098, USA)

  • Ben Thien

    (Mechanical Engineering, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Scientific Applications & Research Associates, (SARA) Inc., Cypress, CA 90630, USA)

  • John M. Sweeten

    (Texas Agri-Life Research, Texas A&M University, Amarillo, TX 70106, USA)

Abstract

Cattle biomass (CB or manure from cattle) is proposed as reburn fuel under slightly fuel-rich conditions. The CB includes wastes from cattle feedlots (cattle grown in feedlots to slaughter weights of 450–640 kg) termed as Feedlot Biomass (FB) and cattle wastes from dairy farms termed as Dairy Biomass (DB). NO x emissions from coal-fired power plants can be reduced by using pure CB and Coal:CB mixtures as reburn fuels (10~30% by heat) injected after the primary combustion region. Experiments with Coal:CB mixtures as reburn fuels were performed using the 30 kW burner facility. Part I deals with results from experiments using pure FB and Coal:FB blends as reburn fuels while Part II presents results on extent of NO x reduction using pure DB and Coal:DB blends as reburn fuels (RF). In the current work, results on NO x emission are presented with FB and Coal:FB blends as RF. The parametric studies include: equivalence ratio in reburn zone (ER RBZ ), vitiated air, angle of reburn nozzles, presence and absence of heat exchangers (HEXs), and baseline NO x concentration. The optimum operating conditions for FB reburning were found to be conditions with vitiation at ERRBZ = 1.1 with 45° upward counter-current injection in the presence of HEXs. NO x emissions were reduced by as much as 96%.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyukjin Oh & Kalyan Annamalai & Paul G. Goughner & Ben Thien & John M. Sweeten, 2021. "Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coal for NO x Reduction, Part I: Feedlot Biomass (FB) and Coal:FB Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-26, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:8030-:d:692769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Savolainen, Kati, 2003. "Co-firing of biomass in coal-fired utility boilers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(3-4), pages 369-381, March.
    2. Lawrence, Ben & Annamalai, Kalyan & Sweeten, John M. & Heflin, Kevin, 2009. "Cofiring coal and dairy biomass in a 29Â kWt furnace," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(11), pages 2359-2372, November.
    3. Hyukjin Oh & Kalyan Annamalai & John M. Sweeten & Kevin Heflin, 2021. "Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coals for NO x Reduction, Part II: Dairy Biomass (DB) and Coal–DB Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, December.
    4. Junga, Robert & Knauer, Waldemar & Niemiec, Patrycja & Tańczuk, Mariusz, 2017. "Experimental tests of co-combustion of laying hens manure with coal by using thermogravimetric analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 245-255.
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    1. Hyukjin Oh & Kalyan Annamalai & John M. Sweeten & Kevin Heflin, 2021. "Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coals for NO x Reduction, Part II: Dairy Biomass (DB) and Coal–DB Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, December.

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