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Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coals for NO x Reduction, Part II: Dairy Biomass (DB) and Coal–DB Blends

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  • Hyukjin Oh

    (Mechanical Engineering, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Currently at Energy Resources Research Department, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), Pohang 790-600, Korea)

  • Kalyan Annamalai

    (Mechanical Engineering, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • John M. Sweeten

    (Texas Agri-Life Research, Texas A&M University System, Amarillo, TX 70106, USA)

  • Kevin Heflin

    (Texas Agri-Life Research, Texas A&M University System, Amarillo, TX 70106, USA)

Abstract

Concentrated animal feeding operations (both slaughter and dairy cattle) lead to land, water, and air pollution if waste storage and handling systems are not effectively managed. At the same time, cattle biomass (CB), which includes both slaughter/feedlot biomass (FB) and dairy biomass (DB), have the potential to be a source of green energy at coal-fired power plants. Part I presented results on NOx reductions with pure FB or Coal: FB blends as reburn fuels. Part II deals with results from reburning with pure DB or Coal: DB blends as reburn fuels. A mixture of NG with a small amount of NH3 was used to generate the baseline NOx of 400–420 ppm (or 185–194 g/GJ). NOx emissions were found to be reduced by as much as 96% when reburning with FB. The effects of reburn fuel type, equivalence ratio (ER RBZ ) in the reburn zone, vitiated air, several injection configurations of reburn fuel and initial NO concentrations on NOx emissions were investigated. The ER RBZ shows a significant effect on the NOx reduction. The 20% heat input by reburning was the better operating condition for the long-term operation due to its ash production. The results reveal that reburn with DB fuels is an effective technology for NOx emission control when the initial NOx emission is higher than 275 ppm (or 127 g/GJ or 0.3 lb/MMBtu).

Suggested Citation

  • Hyukjin Oh & Kalyan Annamalai & John M. Sweeten & Kevin Heflin, 2021. "Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coals for NO x Reduction, Part II: Dairy Biomass (DB) and Coal–DB Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:8076-:d:693814
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Savolainen, Kati, 2003. "Co-firing of biomass in coal-fired utility boilers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(3-4), pages 369-381, March.
    2. Lawrence, Ben & Annamalai, Kalyan & Sweeten, John M. & Heflin, Kevin, 2009. "Cofiring coal and dairy biomass in a 29Â kWt furnace," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(11), pages 2359-2372, November.
    3. Hyukjin Oh & Kalyan Annamalai & Paul G. Goughner & Ben Thien & John M. Sweeten, 2021. "Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coal for NO x Reduction, Part I: Feedlot Biomass (FB) and Coal:FB Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-26, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hyukjin Oh & Kalyan Annamalai & Paul G. Goughner & Ben Thien & John M. Sweeten, 2021. "Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coal for NO x Reduction, Part I: Feedlot Biomass (FB) and Coal:FB Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Janusz Bujak & Piotr Sitarz & Krzysztof Bujak & Sebastian Majkowski & Rafał Pasela, 2022. "Estimation Complete Combustion Coefficient in Rotary Kilns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-11, February.

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