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Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Forced Convective Hybrid-Solar Dryer during Drying Process of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaves

Author

Listed:
  • Hamed Karami

    (Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran)

  • Mohammad Kaveh

    (Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran)

  • Iman Golpour

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Urmia University, Urmia 57561-51818, Iran)

  • Esmail Khalife

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq)

  • Robert Rusinek

    (Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland)

  • Bohdan Dobrzański

    (Pomology, Nursery and Enology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland)

  • Marek Gancarz

    (Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
    Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the energy and exergy indices of the rosemary drying process in a hybrid-solar dryer (HSD) and the effects of air-drying parameters on these thermodynamic indices. Drying experiments were carried out at four levels of air temperature (40, 50, 60, and 70 ∘ C) and three levels of air velocity (1, 1.5, and 2 m/s). Energy and exergy were calculated by application of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Based on the principal laws, energy efficiency, exergy losses, and exergetic improvement potential rate, were evaluated. The results showed that the energy utilization ratio (EUR) ranged from 0.246 to 0.502, and energy utilization (EU) ranged from 0.017 to 0.060 (kJ/s). Exergy loss and efficiency varied from 0.009 to 0.028 (kJ/s) and from 35.08% to 78.5%, respectively, and increased with increased temperature and air velocity. It was found that the exergy loss rate was affected by temperature and air velocity because the overall heat transfer coefficient was different under these conditions. By comparison, with increasing temperature and air velocity, the exergy efficiency increased. Because most energy is used to evaporate moisture, this behavior may be explained by improved energy utilization. The drying chamber sustainability index ranged from 0.0129 to 0.0293. This study provides insights into the optimization process of drying operations and operational parameters in solar hybrid dryers that reduce energy losses and consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamed Karami & Mohammad Kaveh & Iman Golpour & Esmail Khalife & Robert Rusinek & Bohdan Dobrzański & Marek Gancarz, 2021. "Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Forced Convective Hybrid-Solar Dryer during Drying Process of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5835-:d:636286
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zahra Parhizi & Hamed Karami & Iman Golpour & Mohammad Kaveh & Mariusz Szymanek & Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta & José Daniel Marcos & Esmail Khalife & Stanisław Skowron & Nashwan Adnan Othman & Yousef Darv, 2022. "Modeling and Optimization of Energy and Exergy Parameters of a Hybrid-Solar Dryer for Basil Leaf Drying Using RSM," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-27, July.

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