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Thermal Management Systems and Waste Heat Recycling by Thermoelectric Generators—An Overview

Author

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  • Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia)

  • Mehdi Jafarian

    (Centre for Energy Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia)

  • Daryoosh Vashaee

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA)

  • Reza Ghomashchi

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
    ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
    Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia)

Abstract

With the fast evolution in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (e.g., CO 2 , N 2 O ) caused by fossil fuel combustion and global warming, climate change has been identified as a critical threat to the sustainable development of human society, public health, and the environment. To reduce GHG emissions, besides minimizing waste heat production at the source, an integrated approach should be adopted for waste heat management, namely, waste heat collection and recycling. One solution to enable waste heat capture and conversion into useful energy forms (e.g., electricity) is employing solid-state energy converters, such as thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The simplicity of thermoelectric generators enables them to be applied in various industries, specifically those that generate heat as the primary waste product at a temperature of several hundred degrees. Nevertheless, thermoelectric generators can be used over a broad range of temperatures for various applications; for example, at low temperatures for human body heat harvesting, at mid-temperature for automobile exhaust recovery systems, and at high temperatures for cement industries, concentrated solar heat exchangers, or NASA exploration rovers. We present the trends in the development of thermoelectric devices used for thermal management and waste heat recovery. In addition, a brief account is presented on the scientific development of TE materials with the various approaches implemented to improve the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric compounds through manipulation of Figure of Merit, a unitless factor indicative of TE conversion efficiency. Finally, as a case study, work on waste heat recovery from rotary cement kiln reactors is evaluated and discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani & Mehdi Jafarian & Daryoosh Vashaee & Reza Ghomashchi, 2021. "Thermal Management Systems and Waste Heat Recycling by Thermoelectric Generators—An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5646-:d:631604
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Jiří Bojanovský & Vítězslav Máša & Igor Hudák & Pavel Skryja & Josef Hopjan, 2022. "Rotary Kiln, a Unit on the Border of the Process and Energy Industry—Current State and Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-34, October.
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