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Energetic, Economic and Environmental (3E) Assessment and Design of Solar-Powered HVAC Systems in Pakistan

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  • Sajid Mehmood

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH93DW, UK
    Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (New Campus), University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Serguey A. Maximov

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH93DW, UK)

  • Hannah Chalmers

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH93DW, UK)

  • Daniel Friedrich

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH93DW, UK)

Abstract

Rapid urbanization, global warming and enhanced quality of life have significantly increased the demand of indoor thermal comfort and air conditioning systems are not a luxury anymore, but a necessity. In order to fulfil this need, it is imperative to develop affordable and environmentally friendly cooling solutions for buildings. In this work, the 3E performance (energetic, economic and environmental) of electrically driven water-cooled vapour compression systems and thermally (solar) driven vapour absorption cooling systems are evaluated and the parameters affecting the performance of solar-driven vapour absorption systems are investigated. The energy simulation software TRNSYS is used to simulate the performance of both systems in order to fulfil the cooling needs of an industrial manufacturing building for the typical climate conditions for Lahore, Pakistan. Primary energy saving, initial investment, operational cost, and carbon footprint indices are used to analyse the performance of both systems. In addition, a parametric code is written in Python and linked with TRNSYS to perform a parametric study to investigate the effects of various parameters such as solar field size, storage tank volume, optimum annual and monthly collector angles, and flow rate in the solar field on the solar-driven vapour absorption chiller performance. The results reveal that around 5% more energy can be absorbed per collector surface area by changing the solar tilt angle on a monthly basis compared to one fixed angle. The analysis shows that electrically driven vapour compression-based cooling systems have much higher running cost and are potentially hazardous for the environment but have lower capital costs. On the other hand, solar thermal systems have lower running costs and emissions but require further reductions in the capital costs or government subsidies to make them viable.

Suggested Citation

  • Sajid Mehmood & Serguey A. Maximov & Hannah Chalmers & Daniel Friedrich, 2020. "Energetic, Economic and Environmental (3E) Assessment and Design of Solar-Powered HVAC Systems in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-25, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:17:p:4333-:d:402090
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Binju P Raj & Chandan Swaroop Meena & Nehul Agarwal & Lohit Saini & Shabir Hussain Khahro & Umashankar Subramaniam & Aritra Ghosh, 2021. "A Review on Numerical Approach to Achieve Building Energy Efficiency for Energy, Economy and Environment (3E) Benefit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Mehmood, Sajid & Lizana, Jesus & Núñez-Peiró, Miguel & Maximov, Serguey A. & Friedrich, Daniel, 2022. "Resilient cooling pathway for extremely hot climates in southern Asia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    3. Prafula Pearce, 2023. "Special Issue “Energy Transition and Environmental Sustainability”," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-3, March.
    4. Abdullah Ahmed Bawazir & Daniel Friedrich, 2022. "Evaluation and Design of Large-Scale Solar Adsorption Cooling Systems Based on Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-24, March.

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