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Influence of the Thermometer Inertia on the Quality of Temperature Control in a Hot Liquid Tank Heated with Electric Energy

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  • Dawid Taler

    (Department of Thermal Processes, Air Protection, and Waste Utilization, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland)

  • Tomasz Sobota

    (Department of Thermal Processes, Air Protection, and Waste Utilization, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland)

  • Magdalena Jaremkiewicz

    (Department of Thermal Processes, Air Protection, and Waste Utilization, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland)

  • Jan Taler

    (Department of Energy, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland)

Abstract

This paper presents the medium temperature monitoring system based on digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. For industrial thermometers with a complex structure used for measuring the temperature of the fluid under high pressure, the accuracy of the first-order model is inadequate. A second-order differential equation was applied to describe a dynamic response of a temperature sensor placed in a heavy thermowell (industrial thermometer). The quality of the water temperature control system in the tank was assessed when measuring the water temperature with a jacketed thermocouple and a thermometer in an industrial casing. A thermometer of a new design with a small time constant was also used to measure temperature. The quality of water temperature control in the hot water storage tank was evaluated using a classic industrial thermometer and a new design thermometer. In both cases, there was a K-type sheathed thermocouple inside the thermowell. Reductions in the time constant of the new thermometer are achieved by means of a steel casing with a small diameter hole inside which the thermocouple is precisely fitted. The time constants of the thermometers were determined experimentally with a jump in water temperature. A digital controller was designed to maintain the preset temperature in an electrically heated hot water tank. The function of the regulator was to adjust the power of the electrical heater to maintain a constant temperature of the liquid in the tank.

Suggested Citation

  • Dawid Taler & Tomasz Sobota & Magdalena Jaremkiewicz & Jan Taler, 2020. "Influence of the Thermometer Inertia on the Quality of Temperature Control in a Hot Liquid Tank Heated with Electric Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:15:p:4039-:d:394527
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Magdalena Jaremkiewicz & Dawid Taler & Piotr Dzierwa & Jan Taler, 2019. "Determination of Transient Fluid Temperature and Thermal Stresses in Pressure Thick-Walled Elements Using a New Design Thermometer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Jaremkiewicz, Magdalena & Dzierwa, Piotr & Taler, Dawid & Taler, Jan, 2019. "Monitoring of transient thermal stresses in pressure components of steam boilers using an innovative technique for measuring the fluid temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 139-150.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li Peng & Hongjun Wu & Qianjun Mao, 2022. "Visualizing Experimental Study of the Effect of Inclination Angle on the Melting Performance for an Energy Storage Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Taler, Dawid & Dzierwa, Piotr & Kaczmarski, Karol & Taler, Jan, 2021. "Optimisation of heating and cooling of pressure thick-walled components operating in the saturated steam area," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    3. Taler, Dawid & Sobota, Tomasz & Jaremkiewicz, Magdalena & Taler, Jan, 2022. "Control of the temperature in the hot liquid tank by using a digital PID controller considering the random errors of the thermometer indications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    4. Magda Joachimiak, 2021. "Analysis of Thermodynamic Parameter Variability in a Chamber of a Furnace for Thermo-Chemical Treatment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    5. Dawid Taler & Jan Taler & Tomasz Sobota & Jarosław Tokarczyk, 2022. "Cooling Modelling of an Electrically Heated Ceramic Heat Accumulator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-26, August.
    6. Joseph Rendall & Fernando Karg Bulnes & Kyle Gluesenkamp & Ahmad Abu-Heiba & William Worek & Kashif Nawaz, 2021. "A Flow Rate Dependent 1D Model for Thermally Stratified Hot-Water Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.

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