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The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain

Author

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  • Marta Dudek

    (Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37/41 Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Kacper Świechowski

    (Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37/41 Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Piotr Manczarski

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Building Services, Warsaw University of Technology, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Jacek A. Koziel

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Andrzej Białowiec

    (Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37/41 Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

Biochar (BC) addition is a novel and promising method for biogas yield increase. Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is an abundant organic waste with a large potential for biogas production. In this research, for the first time, we test the feasibility of increasing biogas yield and rate from BSG digestion by adding BC, which was produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). Furthermore, we explore the digestion of BSG with the presence BCs produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). The proposed approach creates two alternative waste-to-energy and waste-to-carbon type utilization pathways for BSG: (1) digestion of BSG waste to produce biogas and (2) torrefaction of BSG to produce BC used for digestion. Torrefaction extended the short utility lifetime of BSG waste turned into BC. BSG was digested in the presence of BC with BC to BSG + BC weight ratio from 0 to 50%. The study was conducted during 21 days under mesophilic conditions in n = 3 trials. The content of dry mass 17.6% in all variants was constant. The kinetics results for pure BSG (0% BC) were: reaction rate constant ( k ) 1.535 d −1 , maximum production of biogas ( B 0 ) 92.3 dm 3 ∙kg −1 d.o.m. (d.o.m. = dry organic matter), and biogas production rate ( r ), 103.1 dm 3 ∙kg −1 d.o.m. ∙d −1 . his preliminary research showed that the highest ( p < 0.05) r, 227 dm 3 ∙kg −1 d.o.m. ∙d −1 was due to the 5% BC addition. This production rate was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) compared with all other treatments (0, 1, 3, 8, 10, 20, 30, and 50% BC dose). Due to the high variability observed between replicates, no significant differences could be detected between all the assays amended with BC and the variant 0% BC. However, a significant decrease of B 0 from 85.1 to 61.0 dm 3 ∙kg −1 d.o.m. in variants with the high biochar addition (20–50% BC) was observed in relation to 5% BC (122 dm 3 ∙kg −1 d.o.m. ), suggesting that BC overdose inhibits biogas production from the BSG + BC mixture. The reaction rate constant ( k ) was not improved by BC, and the addition of 10% and 20% BC even decreased k relatively to the 0% variant. A significant decrease of k was also observed for the doses of 10%, 20%, and 30% when compared with the 5% BC (1.89 d −1 ) assays.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Dudek & Kacper Świechowski & Piotr Manczarski & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:8:p:1518-:d:224974
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jakub Pulka & Piotr Manczarski & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-10, February.
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    2. Kumar, A. Naresh & Dissanayake, Pavani Dulanja & Masek, Ondrej & Priya, Anshu & Ki Lin, Carol Sze & Ok, Yong Sik & Kim, Sang-Hyoun, 2021. "Recent trends in biochar integration with anaerobic fermentation: Win-win strategies in a closed-loop," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    3. Mateusz Jackowski & Łukasz Niedźwiecki & Krzysztof Mościcki & Amit Arora & Muhammad Azam Saeed & Krystian Krochmalny & Jakub Pawliczek & Anna Trusek & Magdalena Lech & Jan Skřínský & Jakub Čespiva & J, 2021. "Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers’ Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Hao Luo & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Amit Arora & Krzysztof Mościcki & Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Krystian Krochmalny & Marcin Baranowski & Mayank Tiwari & Anshul Sharma & Tanuj Sharma & Zhimin Lu, 2020. "Influence of Torrefaction and Pelletizing of Sawdust on the Design Parameters of a Fixed Bed Gasifier," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, June.
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    6. Mateusz Jackowski & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Magdalena Lech & Mateusz Wnukowski & Amit Arora & Monika Tkaczuk-Serafin & Marcin Baranowski & Krystian Krochmalny & Vivek K. Veetil & Przemysław Seruga & Anna, 2020. "HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Bartosz Matyjewicz & Kacper Świechowski & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2020. "Proof-of-Concept of High-Pressure Torrefaction for Improvement of Pelletized Biomass Fuel Properties and Process Cost Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-27, September.
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