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The Influence of Apple Orchard Management on Energy Performance and Pruned Biomass Harvesting for Energetic Applications

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  • Arkadiusz Dyjakon

    (Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

A further increase of biomass share in energy production in the European Union (EU) causes an interest in new sources of this renewable fuel. Agricultural residues coming from permanent crops, such as apple orchards, can support local actions to combat climate change. However, the amount of pruned biomass possible to be harvested from apple orchards and, thus, the energy output, depend mainly on their proper preparation and management. The managing actions are important because they influence the energy balance, the productivity, and the economy of the harvesting process and the potential benefits from the biomass marketing. In this study, two different variants of pruning management in an apple orchard during biomass harvesting applying baling technology were analyzed. The first variant considered the biomass collection in the orchard with scattered prunings. In the second one, the prunings were windrowed in the middle of the inter-rows. The theoretical potential amounted to 2.5 t (fresh mass) FM·ha −1 . In the case of scattered pruning in the orchard, the harvesting losses were 69.3% and the energy balance was only 0.76 GJ·ha −1 . It resulted in a low biomass yield and a negative economic balance. In turn, for the orchard with windrowed pruning, the harvesting losses were 19.1% and the energy balance was 20.74 GJ·ha −1 . Assuming a biomass price of €90 t −1 dry mass (DM), the net benefit excluding transportation of pruned bales was €32.1 ha −1 . Other calculated energetic factors, such as energy input share, energy return on the investment, productivity, and pruning intensity, confirmed additionally that proper management of the apple orchard increases its energetic potential to be used in the local market. Baling technology can be also competitive with mulching and chipping processes if a market analysis is carried out and the pruned bale sales are guaranteed.

Suggested Citation

  • Arkadiusz Dyjakon, 2019. "The Influence of Apple Orchard Management on Energy Performance and Pruned Biomass Harvesting for Energetic Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:4:p:632-:d:206438
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arkadiusz Dyjakon, 2018. "The Influence of the Use of Windrowers in Baler Machinery on the Energy Balance during Pruned Biomass Harvesting in the Apple Orchard," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Marco Manzone & Fabrizio Gioelli & Paolo Balsari, 2017. "Kiwi Clear‐Cut: First Evaluation of Recovered Biomass for Energy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Nati, Carla & Boschiero, Martina & Picchi, Gianni & Mastrolonardo, Giovanni & Kelderer, Markus & Zerbe, Stefan, 2018. "Energy performance of a new biomass harvester for recovery of orchard wood wastes as alternative to mulching," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 121-128.
    4. Giuseppe Toscano & Vincenzo Alfano & Antonio Scarfone & Luigi Pari, 2018. "Pelleting Vineyard Pruning at Low Cost with a Mobile Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Acampora, Andrea & Croce, Sara & Assirelli, Alberto & Del Giudice, Angelo & Spinelli, Raffaele & Suardi, Alessandro & Pari, Luigi, 2013. "Product contamination and harvesting losses from mechanized recovery of olive tree pruning residues for energy use," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 350-353.
    6. Arkadiusz Dyjakon, 2018. "Harvesting and Baling of Pruned Biomass in Apple Orchards for Energy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-14, June.
    7. Nordborg, Maria & Berndes, Göran & Dimitriou, Ioannis & Henriksson, Annika & Mola-Yudego, Blas & Rosenqvist, Håkan, 2018. "Energy analysis of willow production for bioenergy in Sweden," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 473-482.
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    1. Arkadiusz Dyjakon & Daniel García-Galindo, 2019. "Implementing Agricultural Pruning to Energy in Europe: Technical, Economic and Implementation Potentials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-28, April.
    2. Alessandro Suardi & Francesco Latterini & Vincenzo Alfano & Nadia Palmieri & Simone Bergonzoli & Emmanouil Karampinis & Michael Alexandros Kougioumtzis & Panagiotis Grammelis & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Machine Performance and Hog Fuel Quality Evaluation in Olive Tree Pruning Harvesting Conducted Using a Towed Shredder on Flat and Hilly Fields," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Paweł Dudziec & Michał Krzyżaniak & Ewelina Olba-Zięty, 2021. "Solid Biomass Energy Potential as a Development Opportunity for Rural Communities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-21, June.

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