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Distributed Control Strategy for DC Microgrids of Photovoltaic Energy Storage Systems in Off-Grid Operation

Author

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  • Mingxuan Chen

    (School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Suliang Ma

    (School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Haiyong Wan

    (School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Jianwen Wu

    (School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Yuan Jiang

    (School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)

Abstract

DC microgrid systems that integrate energy distribution, energy storage, and load units can be viewed as examples of reliable and efficient power systems. However, the isolated operation of DC microgrids, in the case of a power-grid failure, is a key factor limiting their development. In this paper, we analyze the six typical operation modes of an off-grid DC microgrid based on a photovoltaic energy storage system (PV-ESS), as well as the operational characteristics of the different units that comprise the microgrid, from the perspective of power balance. We also analyze the key distributed control techniques for mode transformation, based on the demands of the different modes of operation. Possible reasons for the failure of PV systems under the control of a voltage stabilizer are also explored, according to the characteristics of the PV output. Based on this information, we propose a novel control scheme for the seamless transition of the PV generation units between the maximum PV power tracking and steady voltage control processes, to avoid power and voltage oscillations. Adaptive drooping and stabilization control of the state of charge of the energy storage units are also considered, for the protection of the ESS and for reducing the possibilities of overcharging and/or over-discharging. Finally, various operation conditions are simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, to validate the performance of the proposed control strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Mingxuan Chen & Suliang Ma & Haiyong Wan & Jianwen Wu & Yuan Jiang, 2018. "Distributed Control Strategy for DC Microgrids of Photovoltaic Energy Storage Systems in Off-Grid Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:10:p:2637-:d:173443
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Seung-Woon Lee & Bo-Hyung Cho, 2016. "Master–Slave Based Hierarchical Control for a Small Power DC-Distributed Microgrid System with a Storage Device," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Justo, Jackson John & Mwasilu, Francis & Lee, Ju & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2013. "AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 387-405.
    3. Suliang Ma & Mingxuan Chen & Jianwen Wu & Wenlei Huo & Lian Huang, 2016. "Augmented Nonlinear Controller for Maximum Power-Point Tracking with Artificial Neural Network in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-24, November.
    4. Eghtedarpour, N. & Farjah, E., 2012. "Control strategy for distributed integration of photovoltaic and energy storage systems in DC micro-grids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 96-110.
    5. Manuela Sechilariu & Fabrice Locment & Baochao Wang, 2015. "Photovoltaic Electricity for Sustainable Building. Efficiency and Energy Cost Reduction for Isolated DC Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alfredo Padilla-Medina & Francisco Perez-Pinal & Alonso Jimenez-Garibay & Antonio Vazquez-Lopez & Juan Martinez-Nolasco, 2020. "Design and Implementation of an Energy-Management System for a Grid-Connected Residential DC Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-30, August.
    2. Muhammad Ahsan & Jose Rodriguez & Mohamed Abdelrahem, 2023. "Distributed Control Algorithm for DC Microgrid Using Higher-Order Multi-Agent System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Miloud Rezkallah & Sanjeev Singh & Ambrish Chandra & Bhim Singh & Hussein Ibrahim, 2020. "Off-Grid System Configurations for Coordinated Control of Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-25, September.
    4. Mohammadreza Azizi & Oleksandr Husev & Oleksandr Veligorskyi & Saeed Rahimpour & Carlos Roncero-Clemente, 2023. "Grounding and Isolation Requirements in DC Microgrids: Overview and Critical Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-23, November.
    5. Thanh Van Nguyen & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2019. "Power Flow Control Strategy and Reliable DC-Link Voltage Restoration for DC Microgrid under Grid Fault Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-27, July.

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