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Wind Profiles and Wave Spectra for Potential Wind Farms in South China Sea. Part I: Wind Speed Profile Model

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  • Yichao Liu

    (Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Daoyi Chen

    (Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Qian Yi

    (Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Sunwei Li

    (Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China)

Abstract

With the setting of wind energy harvesting moving from coastal waters to deep waters, the South China Sea has been deemed to offer great potential for the construction of floating wind farms thanks to the abundance of wind energy resources. An engineering model describing the wind profiles and wave spectra specific to the South China Sea conditions, which is the precondition for offshore wind farm construction, has, however, not yet been proposed. In the present study, a series of numerical simulations have been conducted using the Weather Forecast and Research model. Through analyzing the wind and wave information extracted from the numerical simulation results, engineering models to calculate vertical profiles of wind speeds and wave spectra have been postulated. While the present paper focuses on the wind profile model, a companion paper articulates the wave spectrum model. For wind profiles under typhoon conditions, the power-law and log-law models have been found applicable under the condition that the Hellmann exponent α or the friction velocity u * are modified to vary with the wind strength. For wind profiles under non-typhoon conditions, the log-law model is revised to take into consideration the influence of the atmospheric stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Yichao Liu & Daoyi Chen & Qian Yi & Sunwei Li, 2017. "Wind Profiles and Wave Spectra for Potential Wind Farms in South China Sea. Part I: Wind Speed Profile Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-24, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:1:p:125-:d:88337
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Yichao & Li, Sunwei & Yi, Qian & Chen, Daoyi, 2016. "Developments in semi-submersible floating foundations supporting wind turbines: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 433-449.
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    Cited by:

    1. Longfu Luo & Xiaofeng Zhang & Dongran Song & Weiyi Tang & Jian Yang & Li Li & Xiaoyu Tian & Wu Wen, 2018. "Optimal Design of Rated Wind Speed and Rotor Radius to Minimizing the Cost of Energy for Offshore Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Shambhu Sajith & RS Aswani & Mohammad Younus Bhat & Anil Kumar & Tarun Dhingra, 2023. "Can offshore wind energy lead to a sustainable and secure South China Sea?," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(7), pages 2858-2875, November.
    3. Santiago Salvador & Xurxo Costoya & Francisco Javier Sanz-Larruga & Luis Gimeno, 2018. "Development of Offshore Wind Power: Contrasting Optimal Wind Sites with Legal Restrictions in Galicia, Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-25, March.
    4. Ju-Young Shin & Changsam Jeong & Jun-Haeng Heo, 2018. "A Novel Statistical Method to Temporally Downscale Wind Speed Weibull Distribution Using Scaling Property," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-27, March.
    5. Luis M. López-Manrique & E. V. Macias-Melo & O. May Tzuc & A. Bassam & K. M. Aguilar-Castro & I. Hernández-Pérez, 2018. "Assessment of Resource and Forecast Modeling of Wind Speed through An Evolutionary Programming Approach for the North of Tehuantepec Isthmus (Cuauhtemotzin, Mexico)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, November.
    6. Clark, Caitlyn E. & Miller, Annalise & DuPont, Bryony, 2019. "An analytical cost model for co-located floating wind-wave energy arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 885-897.
    7. Thomas Poulsen & Charlotte Bay Hasager, 2017. "The (R)evolution of China: Offshore Wind Diffusion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-32, December.

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