IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jcltec/v2y2020i3p19-310d400000.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Review of Technical Standards for Smart Cities

Author

Listed:
  • Chun Sing Lai

    (Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
    Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Youwei Jia

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Zhekang Dong

    (School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Dongxiao Wang

    (System Design and Engineering Department, Australia Energy Market Operator, Melbourne 3000, Australia)

  • Yingshan Tao

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Qi Hong Lai

    (Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK)

  • Richard T. K. Wong

    (Department of Computing and Information Systems, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia)

  • Ahmed F. Zobaa

    (Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK)

  • Ruiheng Wu

    (Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK)

  • Loi Lei Lai

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China)

Abstract

Smart cities employ technology and data to increase efficiencies, economic development, sustainability, and life quality for citizens in urban areas. Inevitably, clean technologies promote smart cities development including for energy, transportation and health. The smart city concept is ambitious and is being refined with standards. Standards are used to help with regulating how smart cities function and contributing to define a smart city. Smart cities must be officially recognized by national and international authorities and organizations in order to promote societal advancement. There are many research and review articles on smart cities. However, technical standards are seldom discussed in the current literature. This review firstly presents the study of smart city definitions and domain. The well-known smart city standards will be presented to better recognize the smart city concept. Well-defined standards allow meaningful comparisons among smart cities implementation. How smart city initiatives make a city smarter and improve the quality of life will be discussed for various countries. This review highlights that technical standards are important for smart cities implementation. This paper serves as a guide to the most recent developments of smart cities standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Chun Sing Lai & Youwei Jia & Zhekang Dong & Dongxiao Wang & Yingshan Tao & Qi Hong Lai & Richard T. K. Wong & Ahmed F. Zobaa & Ruiheng Wu & Loi Lei Lai, 2020. "A Review of Technical Standards for Smart Cities," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:2:y:2020:i:3:p:19-310:d:400000
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/19/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/19/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. M. Sajid Khan & Mina Woo & Kichan Nam & Prakash K. Chathoth, 2017. "Smart City and Smart Tourism: A Case of Dubai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Sameer Hasija & Zuo-Jun Max Shen & Chung-Piaw Teo, 2020. "Smart City Operations: Modeling Challenges and Opportunities," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(1), pages 203-213, January.
    3. Willem van Winden & Daniel van den Buuse, 2017. "Smart City Pilot Projects: Exploring the Dimensions and Conditions of Scaling Up," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(4), pages 51-72, October.
    4. Elena Fedorova & Antonio Caló & Eva Pongrácz, 2019. "Balancing Socio-Efficiency and Resilience of Energy Provisioning on a Regional Level, Case Oulun Energia in Finland," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Sally P. Caird & Stephen H. Hallett, 2019. "Towards evaluation design for smart city development," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 188-209, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yushen Du & Hongli Bao & Fan Zhang, 2025. "Strategizing Enterprise Dominance in Standards Associations: The Power of Relational Capital and Market Dynamics," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(1), pages 501-532, March.
    2. Basem Almadani & Farouq Aliyu & Abdulrahman Aliyu, 2023. "Integrated Operation Centers in Smart Cities: A Humanitarian Engineering Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-24, July.
    3. Vlad-Tudor TRINCÄ‚, 2023. "Ï»¿The Key Components Of A Smart City," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 2(25), pages 1-8.
    4. Afaf Haial & Loubna Benabbou & Abdelaziz Berrado, 2021. "Designing a Transportation-Strategy Decision-Making Process for a Supply Chain: Case of a Pharmaceutical Supply Chain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-29, February.
    5. Pantelis Sotirelis & Panagiotis Nakopoulos & Theodora Valvi & Evangelos Grigoroudis & Elias Carayannis, 2022. "Measuring Smart City Performance: a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Approach," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 2957-2985, December.
    6. Rainer Alt, 2022. "Electronic Markets on AI and standardization," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(4), pages 1795-1805, December.
    7. Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN & Seyyed Ali Alamdar MOHGHADDAM, 2021. "Increasing Citizen’S Livability In The Future City: Responsive City, A Remarkable Solution," Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 16(3), pages 23-41, August.
    8. Joise, Topu & Goenka, Narsimha & Wangyel, Sangay & Shaturaev, Jakhongir, 2023. "Transforming Mobility Exploring the Impact and Challenges of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Asia," MPRA Paper 118994, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Sep 2023.
    9. Gaetano Rocco & Claudia Pipino & Claudio Pagano, 2023. "An Overview of Urban Mobility: Revolutionizing with Innovative Smart Parking Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-17, September.
    10. Basel Sultan & Ibrahim Alhammad & AlAnoud AlOthman & Ghayda AlSehli, 2025. "Bridging the Literature Gap on eProcurement Systems: Insights from Saudi Arabia’s Sustainable Development Transition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-21, April.
    11. Kai Qu & Yapeng Zhang & Xiaohui Fan, 2025. "From Smart Cities to Smarter Economies: The Dynamics of Urban Technology and Enterprise Total Factor Productivity," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(1), pages 4747-4781, March.
    12. Michaela Kollarova & Tomas Granak & Stanislava Strelcova & Jozef Ristvej, 2023. "Conceptual Model of Key Aspects of Security and Privacy Protection in a Smart City in Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Assumpció Huertas & Antonio Moreno & Jordi Pascual, 2021. "Place Branding for Smart Cities and Smart Tourism Destinations: Do They Communicate Their Smartness?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Shiwei Shen & Marios Sotiriadis & Qing Zhou, 2020. "Could Smart Tourists Be Sustainable and Responsible as Well? The Contribution of Social Networking Sites to Improving Their Sustainable and Responsible Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Darren Sierhuis & Luca Bertolini & Willem Van Winden, 2024. "“Recovering†the political: Unpacking the implications of (de)politicization for the transformative capacities of urban experiments," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 42(2), pages 303-321, March.
    4. Gleb V. Savin, 2021. "The smart city transport and logistics system: Theory, methodology and practice," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 12(6), pages 67-86, October.
    5. Seng Boon Lim & Jalaluddin Abdul Malek & Md Farabi Yussoff Md Yussoff & Tan Yigitcanlar, 2021. "Understanding and Acceptance of Smart City Policies: Practitioners’ Perspectives on the Malaysian Smart City Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-31, August.
    6. Kummitha, Rama Krishna Reddy, 2020. "Why distance matters: The relatedness between technology development and its appropriation in smart cities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    7. Francesco Schiavone & Francesco Paolo Appio & Luca Mora & Marcello Risitano, 2020. "The strategic, organizational, and entrepreneurial evolution of smart cities," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 1155-1165, December.
    8. Barrutia, Jose M. & Echebarria, Carmen & Aguado-Moralejo, Itziar & Apaolaza-Ibáñez, Vanessa & Hartmann, Patrick, 2022. "Leading smart city projects: Government dynamic capabilities and public value creation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    9. Adam Przybyłowski & Agnieszka Kałaska & Piotr Przybyłowski, 2022. "Quest for a Tool Measuring Urban Quality of Life: ISO 37120 Standard Sustainable Development Indicators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Konstantinos Kourtzanidis & Komninos Angelakoglou & Vasilis Apostolopoulos & Paraskevi Giourka & Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, 2021. "Assessing Impact, Performance and Sustainability Potential of Smart City Projects: Towards a Case Agnostic Evaluation Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-38, July.
    11. Suchi Dubey & Ganesan Subramanian & Vinod Shukla & Ashish Dwivedi & Kartik Puri & Sanchita Sandip Kamath, 2022. "Blockchain technology: a solution to address the challenges faced by the international travellers," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 59(4), pages 1471-1488, December.
    12. Negar Noori & Thomas Hoppe & Martin de Jong, 2020. "Classifying Pathways for Smart City Development: Comparing Design, Governance and Implementation in Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dubai, and Abu Dhabi," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-24, May.
    13. van Winden, Willem & Carvalho, Luís, 2019. "Intermediation in public procurement of innovation: How Amsterdam’s startup-in-residence programme connects startups to urban challenges," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.
    14. Maleki Vishkaei, Behzad & De Giovanni, Pietro, 2025. "A smart mobility game with blockchain and hardware oracles," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    15. Kichan Nam & Christopher S. Dutt & Prakash Chathoth & Abdelkader Daghfous & M. Sajid Khan, 2021. "The adoption of artificial intelligence and robotics in the hotel industry: prospects and challenges," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 31(3), pages 553-574, September.
    16. Borrás, Susana & Edler, Jakob, 2020. "The roles of the state in the governance of socio-technical systems' transformation," Discussion Papers "Innovation Systems and Policy Analysis" 65, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
    17. Adalberto Santos-Júnior & Fernando Almeida-García & Paulo Morgado & Luiz Mendes-Filho, 2020. "Residents’ Quality of Life in Smart Tourism Destinations: A Theoretical Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-24, October.
    18. Badr Alsamani & Samir Chatterjee & Ali Anjomshoae & Peter Ractham, 2022. "Smart Space Design–A Framework and an IoT Prototype Implementation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-27, December.
    19. Woltering, L. & Fehlenberg, K. & Gerard, B. & Ubels, J. & Cooley, L., 2019. "Scaling – from “reaching many” to sustainable systems change at scale: A critical shift in mindset," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    20. Palacios-Argüello, Laura & Castrellon, Juan Pablo & Sanchez-Diaz, Ivan, 2025. "From pilot to policy: Examining the transition towards institutionalized practices in freight curbside management," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 244-254.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:2:y:2020:i:3:p:19-310:d:400000. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.