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Descentralización: ¿panacea o caja de Pandora? Perversidad fiscal en México

Author

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  • Roberto Guerrero Compeán

Abstract

La promoción de la descentralización ha crecido en México a un ritmo rápido durante la última década. Sin embargo, los beneficios de la descentralización son bastante confusos y muchas veces los supuestos y los resultados del proceso se apartan de la teoría estándar del federalismo fiscal. Existen serios inconvenientes que deben considerarse antes de respaldar plenamente cualquier programa de descentralización. A medida que la descentralización ha progresado en México, por ejemplo, se ha hecho evidente que la mayoría de los estados mexicanos han incurrido en grandes déficits fiscales, principalmente debido a un gasto excesivo. Este artículo explica las razones por las que se ha observado tal tendencia en los últimos años basándose en un modelo de ecuación simultánea de ingresos y gastos estatales. Los resultados sugieren que los aumentos en los déficits fiscales están significativamente asociados con una competencia política más intensa en la esfera subnacional, la etapa del ciclo económico político y la perversidad fiscal causada por la descentralización política. Esto implica que las regiones esperan ser rescatadas por el gobierno federal en caso de problemas financieros y, por lo tanto, no tienen un incentivo para observar la disciplina fiscal. Palabras clave: descentralización, perversidad fiscal, México.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Guerrero Compeán, 2008. "Descentralización: ¿panacea o caja de Pandora? Perversidad fiscal en México," Ensayos Revista de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, vol. 27(2), pages 89-110, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:ere:journl:v:27:y:2008:i:2:id:101
    DOI: 10.29105/ensayos27.2-4
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