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A new visitation paradigm for protected areas

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  • Weaver, David B.
  • Lawton, Laura J.

Abstract

Current “second generation” approaches to visitation in higher order protected areas are based on biocentric management and monitoring that positions visitors as an inherent threat. The result is suboptimal sustainability outcomes of coexistence and possibly increased conflict in an era of escalating demand, reduced public funding and growing threats to global and local biodiversity. A “third generation” model is therefore required that repositions visitors as an inherent opportunity, and augments management and monitoring accordingly with visitor motivation and mobilisation for mass participation in on-site park enhancement activities. Strategies and issues for implementation - including the model's dialectical underpinnings and its relationship to a broader context of people-focused park management -are considered, toward achieving optimal sustainability outcomes of park/visitation symbiosis.

Suggested Citation

  • Weaver, David B. & Lawton, Laura J., 2017. "A new visitation paradigm for protected areas," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 140-146.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:60:y:2017:i:c:p:140-146
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.11.018
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    Cited by:

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    3. Piotr Oleśniewicz & Sławomir Pytel & Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska & Adam R. Szromek & Soňa Jandová, 2020. "A Model of the Sustainable Management of the Natural Environment in National Parks—A Case Study of National Parks in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-28, March.
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    5. Ming-Kuang Chung & Dau-Jye Lu & Bor-Wen Tsai & Kuei-Tien Chou, 2019. "Assessing Effectiveness of PPGIS on Protected Areas by Governance Quality: A Case Study of Community-Based Monitoring in Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge, Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-20, August.
    6. Stefano Duglio & Alessandro Bonadonna & Marilisa Letey & Giovanni Peira & Laura Zavattaro & Giampiero Lombardi, 2019. "Tourism Development in Inner Mountain Areas—The Local Stakeholders’ Point of View through a Mixed Method Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-19, October.
    7. Nikolaos Skarakis & Georgia Skiniti & Stavroula Tournaki & Theocharis Tsoutsos, 2023. "Necessity to Assess the Sustainability of Sensitive Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review of Tourism Pressures and the Travel Cost Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Agata Pawłat-Zawrzykraj & Konrad Podawca, 2020. "Diversification of Municipalities Located in the Impact Area of National Parks in Terms of Environmental Requirements of Sustainable Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, June.
    9. Farzana Sharmin & Mohammad Tipu Sultan & Alina Badulescu & Dorin Paul Bac & Benqian Li, 2020. "Millennial Tourists’ Environmentally Sustainable Behavior Towards a Natural Protected Area: An Integrative Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-24, October.
    10. Deirdre Dragovich & Sunil Bajpai, 2022. "Managing Tourism and Environment—Trail Erosion, Thresholds of Potential Concern and Limits of Acceptable Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, April.
    11. Arjan S. Gosal & Janine A. McMahon & Katharine M. Bowgen & Catherine H. Hoppe & Guy Ziv, 2021. "Identifying and Mapping Groups of Protected Area Visitors by Environmental Awareness," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-14, May.
    12. Ante Mandić, 2020. "Structuring challenges of sustainable tourism development in protected natural areas with driving force–pressure–state–impact–response (DPSIR) framework," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 560-576, December.
    13. Esteban Pérez-Calderón & Jorge Manuel Prieto-Ballester & Vanessa Miguel-Barrado & Patricia Milanés-Montero, 2020. "Perception of Sustainability of Spanish National Parks: Public Use, Tourism and Rural Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, February.
    14. Ante Mandić & Lidija Petrić, 2021. "The impacts of location and attributes of protected natural areas on hotel prices: implications for sustainable tourism development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 833-863, January.
    15. Ante Mandić, 2019. "Nature-based solutions for sustainable tourism development in protected natural areas: a review," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 249-268, September.

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