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Disparities in obesity rates: Analysis by ZIP code area

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  • Drewnowski, Adam
  • D. Rehm, Colin
  • Solet, David

Abstract

Obesity in the United States has been linked to individual income and education. Less is known about its geographic distribution. The goal of this study was to determine whether obesity rates in King County, Washington State, at the ZIP code scale were associated with area-based measures of socioeconomic status and wealth. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. At the ZIP code scale, crude obesity rates varied six-fold. In a model adjusting for covariates and spatial dependence, property values were the strongest predictor of the area-based smoothed obesity prevalence. Geocoding of health data provides new insights into the nature of social determinants of health. Disparities in obesity rates by ZIP code area were greater than disparities associated with individual income or race/ethnicity.

Suggested Citation

  • Drewnowski, Adam & D. Rehm, Colin & Solet, David, 2007. "Disparities in obesity rates: Analysis by ZIP code area," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(12), pages 2458-2463, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:65:y:2007:i:12:p:2458-2463
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krieger, N. & Waterman, P. & Chen, J.T. & Soobader, M.-J. & Subramanian, S.V. & Carson, R., 2002. "Zip code caveat: Bias due to spatiotemporal mismatches between zip codes and US census-defined geographic areas - The public health disparities geocoding project," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(7), pages 1100-1102.
    2. Truong, K.D. & Sturm, R., 2005. "Weight gain trends across sociodemographic groups in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(9), pages 1602-1606.
    3. Krieger, N. & Chen, J.T. & Waterman, P.D. & Rehkopf, D.H. & Subramanian, S.V., 2003. "Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Monitoring Socioeconomic Gradients in Health: Comparison of Area-Based Socioeconomic Measures - The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(10), pages 1655-1671.
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    3. Mario A Pitalua Rodriguez & Lisaann S Gittner & Susan A Mengel, 2017. "Variable Diffusion of Cardiovascular Disease along the I-20 Corridor in Texas," Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 3(4), pages 75-79, August.
    4. Rehm, Colin D. & Moudon, Anne V. & Hurvitz, Philip M. & Drewnowski, Adam, 2012. "Residential property values are associated with obesity among women in King County, WA, USA," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(3), pages 491-495.
    5. Mario A Pitalua Rodriguez & Lisaann S Gittner & Susan A Mengel, 2017. "Variable Diffusion of Cardiovascular Disease along the I-20 Corridor in Texas," Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 3(4), pages 1-5, August.
    6. Chinyere O. Agbai, 2023. "The Structure of Pandemic Vulnerability: Housing Wealth, Residential Segregation, and COVID-19 Mortality," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(5), pages 1-30, October.
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    9. Greves Grow, H. Mollie & Cook, Andrea J. & Arterburn, David E. & Saelens, Brian E. & Drewnowski, Adam & Lozano, Paula, 2010. "Child obesity associated with social disadvantage of children's neighborhoods," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 584-591, August.
    10. Southwell, Brian G. & Slater, Jonathan S. & Rothman, Alexander J. & Friedenberg, Laura M. & Allison, Tiffany R. & Nelson, Christina L., 2010. "The availability of community ties predicts likelihood of peer referral for mammography: Geographic constraints on viral marketing," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(9), pages 1627-1635, November.
    11. Viego, Valentina N. & Temporelli , Karina L., 2011. "Sobrepeso y obesidad en Argentina. Un análisis basado en técnicas de econometría espacial/Overweigh and Obesity in Argentina. A Spatial Approach," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 29, pages 915(26á)-91, Diciembre.
    12. Jon D. Wisman & Kevin W. Capehart, 2010. "Creative Destruction, Economic Insecurity, Stress, and Epidemic Obesity," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(3), pages 936-982, July.
    13. Andrew Bonney & Darren J Mayne & Bryan D Jones & Lawrence Bott & Stephen E J Andersen & Peter Caputi & Kathryn M Weston & Don C Iverson, 2015. "Area-Level Socioeconomic Gradients in Overweight and Obesity in a Community-Derived Cohort of Health Service Users – A Cross-Sectional Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-13, August.
    14. Daniel S. Morris & Eric C. Main & Jenine K. Harris & Abraham Moland & Curtis Cude, 2015. "State-Issued Identification Cards Reveal Patterns in Adult Weight Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, June.
    15. Peter Congdon, 2010. "A Multilevel Model for Comorbid Outcomes: Obesity and Diabetes in the US," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-20, January.
    16. Scott C. Brown & Tatiana Perrino & Joanna Lombard & Kefeng Wang & Matthew Toro & Tatjana Rundek & Carolina Marinovic Gutierrez & Chuanhui Dong & Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk & Maria I. Nardi & Jack Kardys , 2018. "Health Disparities in the Relationship of Neighborhood Greenness to Mental Health Outcomes in 249,405 U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-11, March.
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