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The state of the art of small-scale pellet-based heating systems and relevant regulations in Sweden, Austria and Germany

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  • Fiedler, Frank

Abstract

The emphasis of this report is on the actual technology of small-scale pellet combustion units and important regulations concerning emissions and pellets. Wood as a heating source has a long tradition in Sweden, but the use of compressed wood pellets in domestic stoves and boilers is rather new. Based on a literature survey, information from manufacturers and test institutes, this report gives an overview about existing technology and investigates how mature it is already. Some comparisons were made to similar heating units in Austria, where this technique is also widely used. It could be seen that the Austrian boilers are more sophisticated including a high level of comfort for the user. On the other hand the simpler Swedish boilers are significantly less expensive, and it is questionable if Swedish costumers are willing to pay for the higher comfort. Relevant regulations concerning emissions and fuel quality are also reported and compared between Sweden, Germany and Austria. In addition some interesting non-official certificates and environmental labels are presented. These give an outlook to future, probably more stringent, regulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Fiedler, Frank, 2004. "The state of the art of small-scale pellet-based heating systems and relevant regulations in Sweden, Austria and Germany," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 201-221, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:8:y:2004:i:3:p:201-221
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    1. Verma, V.K. & Bram, S. & Delattin, F. & De Ruyck, J., 2013. "Real life performance of domestic pellet boiler technologies as a function of operational loads: A case study of Belgium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 357-362.
    2. Sae Byul Kang & Bong Suk Sim & Jong Jin Kim, 2017. "Volume and Mass Measurement of a Burning Wood Pellet by Image Processing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Yilgin, Melek & Pehlivan, Dursun, 2009. "Volatiles and char combustion rates of demineralised lignite and wood blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1179-1186, July.
    4. Rabaçal, M. & Fernandes, U. & Costa, M., 2013. "Combustion and emission characteristics of a domestic boiler fired with pellets of pine, industrial wood wastes and peach stones," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 220-226.
    5. Verma, V.K. & Bram, S. & Delattin, F. & Laha, P. & Vandendael, I. & Hubin, A. & De Ruyck, J., 2012. "Agro-pellets for domestic heating boilers: Standard laboratory and real life performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 17-23.
    6. Sungur, Bilal & Topaloglu, Bahattin, 2019. "An experimental investigation of the effect of smoke tube configuration on the performance and emission characteristics of pellet-fuelled boilers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 121-129.
    7. Verma, V.K. & Bram, S. & Vandendael, I. & Laha, P. & Hubin, A. & De Ruyck, J., 2011. "Residential pellet boilers in Belgium: Standard laboratory and real life performance with respect to European standard and quality labels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(8), pages 2628-2634, August.
    8. Carlon, Elisa & Verma, Vijay Kumar & Schwarz, Markus & Golicza, Laszlo & Prada, Alessandro & Baratieri, Marco & Haslinger, Walter & Schmidl, Christoph, 2015. "Experimental validation of a thermodynamic boiler model under steady state and dynamic conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 505-516.
    9. Ozgen, S. & Cernuschi, S. & Caserini, S., 2021. "An overview of nitrogen oxides emissions from biomass combustion for domestic heat production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    10. Sungur, Bilal & Topaloğlu, Bahattin, 2020. "Experimental analysis of combustion performance of biodiesel absorbed pellets in a domestic boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    11. Feldmeier, Sabine & Schwarz, Markus & Wopienka, Elisabeth & Pfeifer, Christoph, 2021. "Categorization of small-scale biomass combustion appliances by characteristic numbers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 2128-2136.
    12. Araceli Regueiro & Lucie Jezerská & David Patiño & Raquel Pérez-Orozco & Jan Nečas & Martin Žídek, 2017. "Experimental Study of the Viability of Low-Grade Biofuels in Small-Scale Appliances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, October.
    13. Ahn, Joon & Jang, Jun Hwan, 2018. "Combustion characteristics of a 16 step grate-firing wood pellet boiler," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PB), pages 678-685.
    14. Fiedler, Frank & Nordlander, Svante & Persson, Tomas & Bales, Chris, 2006. "Thermal performance of combined solar and pellet heating systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 73-88.
    15. Wang, Kui & Zhang, Yuanyuan & Sekelj, Gasper & Hopke, Philip K., 2019. "Economic analysis of a field monitored residential wood pellet boiler heating system in New York State," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 500-511.
    16. Kafle, Sagar & Euh, Seung Hee & Cho, Lahoon & Nam, Yun Seong & Oh, Kwang Cheol & Choi, Yun Sung & Oh, Jae-Heun & Kim, Dae Hyun, 2017. "Tar fouling reduction in wood pellet boiler using additives and study the effects of additives on the characteristics of pellets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 79-85.
    17. Zhang, Zongxi & Zhang, Yixiang & Zhou, Yuguang & Ahmad, Riaz & Pemberton-Pigott, Crispin & Annegarn, Harold & Dong, Renjie, 2017. "Systematic and conceptual errors in standards and protocols for thermal performance of biomass stoves," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1343-1354.
    18. Carvalho, Lara & Wopienka, Elisabeth & Pointner, Christian & Lundgren, Joakim & Verma, Vijay Kumar & Haslinger, Walter & Schmidl, Christoph, 2013. "Performance of a pellet boiler fired with agricultural fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 286-296.
    19. Cherney, Jerome H. & Verma, Vijay Kumar, 2013. "Grass pellet Quality Index: A tool to evaluate suitability of grass pellets for small scale combustion systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 679-684.
    20. Thomson, Harriet & Liddell, Christine, 2015. "The suitability of wood pellet heating for domestic households: A review of literature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1362-1369.
    21. Lim, Mook Tzeng & Phan, Anh & Roddy, Dermot & Harvey, Adam, 2015. "Technologies for measurement and mitigation of particulate emissions from domestic combustion of biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 574-584.
    22. Pattara, C. & Cappelletti, G.M. & Cichelli, A., 2010. "Recovery and use of olive stones: Commodity, environmental and economic assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(5), pages 1484-1489, June.
    23. Kai, Takami & Uemura, Yoshimitsu & Teraoka, Yukio & Takahashi, Takeshige & Hatate, Yasuo & Yoshida, Masahiro, 2008. "Design and operation of an air-conditioning system fueled by wood pellets," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 720-725.
    24. Míguez, J.L. & Morán, J.C. & Granada, E. & Porteiro, J., 2012. "Review of technology in small-scale biomass combustion systems in the European market," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3867-3875.
    25. Araceli Regueiro & Lucie Jezerská & Raquel Pérez-Orozco & David Patiño & Jiří Zegzulka & Jan Nečas, 2019. "Viability Evaluation of Three Grass Biofuels: Experimental Study in a Small-Scale Combustor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, April.

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