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Bioremediation of textile wastewater and successive biodiesel production using microalgae

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  • Fazal, Tahir
  • Mushtaq, Azeem
  • Rehman, Fahad
  • Ullah Khan, Asad
  • Rashid, Naim
  • Farooq, Wasif
  • Rehman, Muhammad Saif Ur
  • Xu, Jian

Abstract

Microalgal biodiesel has emerged as an environment friendly alternative to the existing fossil fuels. The commercial production of this biodiesel is still challenging due to several technical and economic issues, which span from mass cultivation of microalgae to the biodiesel production. Mass cultivation is the most critical step in terms of water and nutrient requirement. Industrial wastewater such as textile wastewater (TWW) is a cheap source for water, which additionally contains necessary nutrients (phosphate, nitrates, micronutrients etc.) and organic dyes (potential carbon source) for algae cultivation. The application of microalgae for biodiesel production employing single objective strategy is not sustainable. Microalgae can be effectively employed to bioremediate TWW (dyes and nutrients removal) and to produce biodiesel from grown microalgae. This process integration (bioremediation-biodiesel production) can potentially improve biodiesel production and wastewater treatment. However, this process coupling needs to be thoroughly investigated to identify and optimize critical process factors (algal species, cultivation and harvesting methods, bioremediation mechanism etc.). This study has reviewed the status of TWW as potential source of water and nutrients, role of different algal species in the bioremediation of TWW, different cultivation systems, harvesting and biodiesel production methods. This review also suggests future research and development challenges for coupled textile wastewater treatment and microalgal biodiesel production.

Suggested Citation

  • Fazal, Tahir & Mushtaq, Azeem & Rehman, Fahad & Ullah Khan, Asad & Rashid, Naim & Farooq, Wasif & Rehman, Muhammad Saif Ur & Xu, Jian, 2018. "Bioremediation of textile wastewater and successive biodiesel production using microalgae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3107-3126.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:82:y:2018:i:p3:p:3107-3126
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.029
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    3. Hussain, Fida & Shah, Syed Z. & Ahmad, Habib & Abubshait, Samar A. & Abubshait, Haya A. & Laref, A. & Manikandan, A. & Kusuma, Heri S. & Iqbal, Munawar, 2021. "Microalgae an ecofriendly and sustainable wastewater treatment option: Biomass application in biofuel and bio-fertilizer production. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    4. Chen, Jiaxin & Li, Ji & Dong, Wenyi & Zhang, Xiaolei & Tyagi, Rajeshwar D. & Drogui, Patrick & Surampalli, Rao Y., 2018. "The potential of microalgae in biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 336-346.
    5. Muhammad Suleman & Muhammad Zafar & Ashfaq Ahmed & Muhammad Usman Rashid & Sadiq Hussain & Abdul Razzaq & Nur Atikah Mohidem & Tahir Fazal & Bilal Haider & Young-Kwon Park, 2021. "Castor Leaves-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Safranin from Textile Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    6. Marcin Dębowski & Marcin Zieliński & Joanna Kazimierowicz & Natalia Kujawska & Szymon Talbierz, 2020. "Microalgae Cultivation Technologies as an Opportunity for Bioenergetic System Development—Advantages and Limitations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-37, November.
    7. Swati Dahiya & Raja Chowdhury & Wendong Tao & Pradeep Kumar, 2021. "Biomass and Lipid Productivity by Two Algal Strains of Chlorella sorokiniana Grown in Hydrolysate of Water Hyacinth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    8. Fan Wei & Munazzam Jawad Shahid & Ghalia S. H. Alnusairi & Muhammad Afzal & Aziz Khan & Mohamed A. El-Esawi & Zohaib Abbas & Kunhua Wei & Ihsan Elahi Zaheer & Muhammad Rizwan & Shafaqat Ali, 2020. "Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-35, July.

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