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A review of topologies of three-port DC–DC converters for the integration of renewable energy and energy storage system

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  • Zhang, Neng
  • Sutanto, Danny
  • Muttaqi, Kashem M.

Abstract

The application of renewable energy such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind and fuel cells is becoming increasingly popular because of the environmental awareness and advances in technology coupled with decreasing manufacturing cost. Power electronic converters are usually used to convert the power from the renewable sources to match the load demand and grid requirement to improve the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of these green generation systems, to provide the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, and to integrate the energy storage system to solve the challenge of the intermittent nature of the renewable energy and the unpredictability of the load demand. In order to improve the efficiency and the power density of the overall circuit, the use of a three-port DC–DC converter, which includes a DC input port for the renewable source, a bidirectional DC input port for the energy storage system, and a DC output port for supplying the load, is a preferable solution to the traditional method using two DC–DC converters: one for the renewable sources and another for the energy storage system. In recent years, many DC–DC three-port converters have been proposed and reported in the literature. Each of these converters has its own topology and operating principle, which results in different complexities, different numbers of components, different reliability and efficiency. In this paper, a comparison of the features of different topologies of three-port DC–DC converters that have been proposed by different research groups is reviewed briefly. This review can be used as a guide for the appropriate selection of the suitable topology to meet the particular requirement of a system. The paper also discusses the potential research extension of the topologies from three-port DC–DC converters to three-port DC–AC inverters and how the voltage gain of the non-isolated three-port DC–DC converter can be improved.

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  • Zhang, Neng & Sutanto, Danny & Muttaqi, Kashem M., 2016. "A review of topologies of three-port DC–DC converters for the integration of renewable energy and energy storage system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 388-401.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:56:y:2016:i:c:p:388-401
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.079
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    Cited by:

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    2. Yimin Lu & Haimeng Zhu & Xianfeng Huang & Robert D. Lorenz, 2019. "Inverse-System Decoupling Control of DC/DC Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Hamzeh Aljarajreh & Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu & Yam P. Siwakoti & Chi K. Tse & K. W. See, 2021. "Synthesis and Analysis of Three-Port DC/DC Converters with Two Bidirectional Ports Based on Power Flow Graph Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-16, September.
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    5. Sri Revathi, B. & Prabhakar, M., 2016. "Non isolated high gain DC-DC converter topologies for PV applications – A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 920-933.
    6. Ranjbaran, Parisa & Yousefi, Hossein & Gharehpetian, G.B. & Astaraei, Fatemeh Razi, 2019. "A review on floating photovoltaic (FPV) power generation units," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 332-347.
    7. Zhang, Chao & Wei, Yi-Li & Cao, Peng-Fei & Lin, Meng-Chang, 2018. "Energy storage system: Current studies on batteries and power condition system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3091-3106.
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    9. Amir, Asim & Amir, Aamir & Che, Hang Seng & Elkhateb, Ahmad & Rahim, Nasrudin Abd, 2019. "Comparative analysis of high voltage gain DC-DC converter topologies for photovoltaic systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1147-1163.
    10. Reshma Gopi, R. & Sreejith, S., 2018. "Converter topologies in photovoltaic applications – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 1-14.
    11. Bo Chen & Ping Wang & Yifeng Wang & Wei Li & Fuqiang Han & Shuhuai Zhang, 2017. "Comparative Analysis and Optimization of Power Loss Based on the Isolated Series/Multi Resonant Three-Port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-26, October.
    12. de Wildt, T.E. & Chappin, E.J.L. & van de Kaa, G. & Herder, P.M. & van de Poel, I.R., 2019. "Conflicting values in the smart electricity grid a comprehensive overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 184-196.
    13. Cheng-Shan Wang & Wei Li & Yi-Feng Wang & Fu-Qiang Han & Bo Chen, 2017. "A High-Efficiency Isolated LCLC Multi-Resonant Three-Port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-22, July.
    14. Tareen, Wajahat Ullah & Mekhilef, Saad & Seyedmahmoudian, Mehdi & Horan, Ben, 2017. "Active power filter (APF) for mitigation of power quality issues in grid integration of wind and photovoltaic energy conversion system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 635-655.
    15. Martín-A. Rodríguez-Licea & Francisco-J. Perez-Pinal & Alejandro-I. Barranco-Gutiérrez & Jose-C. Nuñez-Perez, 2018. "Switched Polytopic Controller Applied on a Positive Reconfigurable Power Electronic Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, January.
    16. Cheng-Shan Wang & Wei Li & Yi-Feng Wang & Fu-Qiang Han & Zhun Meng & Guo-Dong Li, 2017. "An Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Enlarged ZVS Region for HESS Applications in DC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-23, April.
    17. Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja & Juan David Bastidas-Rodríguez & Daniel González & Santiago Acevedo & Julián Peláez-Restrepo, 2017. "Design and Control of a Buck–Boost Charger-Discharger for DC-Bus Regulation in Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-26, November.
    18. Sajib Chakraborty & Hai-Nam Vu & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Dai-Duong Tran & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2019. "DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fast Charging Stations: State of the Art and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-43, April.

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