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Reinventing membranes: Trends in proton exchange materials for zero-emission fuel cell technologies

Author

Listed:
  • Banapurmath, N.R.
  • Sajjan, Ashok M.
  • Nivedhitha, K.S.
  • Hublikar, Leena V.
  • Chikkatti, Bipin S.
  • Palaniswamy, D.
  • Raghavendra, Narasimha
  • Badruddin, Irfan Anjum
  • Mahmoud, Essam R.I.
  • Ravulapati, Kartheek

Abstract

This study is a comprehensive, systematic review of the latest innovations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that broadly outlines the interrelated areas of technology applications, operational properties, and environmental changes as measured by life cycle assessment (LCA). Advances in membrane materials, cell designs, and system-integration techniques that significantly improve proton conductivity, thermal stability, and cost-effectiveness, are brought together by the research. From the various studies the comparison shows that hydrocarbon-based and nanocomposite membranes can attain conductivities of more than 0.1 S/cm with their thermal stabilities (120–180 °C) being quite excellent, whereas bio-based alternatives may achieve up to a 50 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions over the entire life cycle. The results show that fuel cells based on proton exchange membranes are therefore very close to being employed in the areas of transportation, power generation for buildings, and small-scale energy devices, hence like a combination with a green hydrogen production method would be the best. According to this survey, a synergy between the technical performance and environmental friendliness is the hallmark of this review, thus making it possible to outline the strategic directions for future developments of PEMFC technologies with eco-efficient characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Banapurmath, N.R. & Sajjan, Ashok M. & Nivedhitha, K.S. & Hublikar, Leena V. & Chikkatti, Bipin S. & Palaniswamy, D. & Raghavendra, Narasimha & Badruddin, Irfan Anjum & Mahmoud, Essam R.I. & Ravulapat, 2026. "Reinventing membranes: Trends in proton exchange materials for zero-emission fuel cell technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:228:y:2026:i:c:s1364032125012390
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116566
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