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Sustainable strategies in maize-wheat systems: Integrating tillage, residue, and nutrient management for food-energy-carbon footprint optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Hasanain, Mohammad
  • Singh, V.K.
  • Rathore, S.S.
  • Meena, Vijay Singh
  • Meena, Sunita Kumari
  • Shekhawat, Kapila
  • Singh, R.K.
  • Dwivedi, B.S.
  • Bhatia, Arti
  • Upadhyay, P.K.
  • Singh, Raghavendra
  • Babu, Subhash
  • Kumar, Amit
  • Kumar, Adarsh
  • Fatima, Ayesha
  • Verma, Gaurav
  • Kumar, Sandeep
  • Sharma, Kartik
  • Singh, Nikita

Abstract

Developing climate-resilient and sustainable agronomic practices is imperative to tackle these issues and enhance the overall sustainability and efficiency of MWS (maize-wheat system) in the IGPs (Indo-Gangetic Plains). In a two-year field experiment focused on MWS in the IGPs, various agronomic practices were evaluated for their impact on productivity, profitability, energy use efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The experiment utilized different crop establishment methods (CEMs) and nutrient management options (NMOs). Among CEMs, permanent raised beds (PRB) with residue (R) (Sc4-PRB + R) significantly enhanced system productivity (+23.2 %) over conventional tillage (CT) without residue (Sc1-CT-R), with higher system production and monetary efficiencies. Similarly, nutrient management using Nutrient Expert® with GreenSeeker™ (Nm3-NE + GS) resulted in the highest productivity (11.16 Mg ha−1), production efficiency (41.6 kg ha−1 day−1), and monetary efficiency ($7.77 ha-1 day−1), surpassing soil test-based (Nm1-STB) and Nutrient Expert® based (Nm2-NE) recommendations. Environmental sustainability metrics showed lower energy intensity and GHGs-emissions under Sc3-PRB-R combined with Nm3-NE, indicated reduced global warming potential (31.94–32.61 %) and GHG-intensity (44.63 %–46.66 %), respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Hasanain, Mohammad & Singh, V.K. & Rathore, S.S. & Meena, Vijay Singh & Meena, Sunita Kumari & Shekhawat, Kapila & Singh, R.K. & Dwivedi, B.S. & Bhatia, Arti & Upadhyay, P.K. & Singh, Raghavendra & Ba, 2025. "Sustainable strategies in maize-wheat systems: Integrating tillage, residue, and nutrient management for food-energy-carbon footprint optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:211:y:2025:i:c:s1364032124010426
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115316
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    1. Kumar, Adarsh & Rana, K.S. & Choudhary, Anil K. & Bana, R.S. & Sharma, V.K. & Prasad, Shiv & Gupta, Gaurendra & Choudhary, Mukesh & Pradhan, Amaresh & Rajpoot, Sudhir K. & Kumar, Abhishek & Kumar, Ami, 2021. "Energy budgeting and carbon footprints of zero-tilled pigeonpea–wheat cropping system under sole or dual crop basis residue mulching and Zn-fertilization in a semi-arid agro-ecology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
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    9. Yadav, Gulab Singh & Das, Anup & Kandpal, B K & Babu, Subhash & Lal, Rattan & Datta, Mrinmoy & Das, Biswajit & Singh, Raghavendra & Singh, VK & Mohapatra, KP & Chakraborty, Mandakranta, 2021. "The food-energy-water-carbon nexus in a maize-maize-mustard cropping sequence of the Indian Himalayas: An impact of tillage-cum-live mulching," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    10. Parihar, C.M. & Jat, S.L. & Singh, A.K. & Ghosh, A. & Rathore, N.S. & Kumar, B. & Pradhan, S. & Majumdar, K. & Satyanarayana, T. & Jat, M.L. & Saharawat, Y.S. & Kuri, B.R. & Saveipune, D., 2017. "Effects of precision conservation agriculture in a maize-wheat-mungbean rotation on crop yield, water-use and radiation conversion under a semiarid agro-ecosystem," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 306-319.
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