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Artificial intelligence and internet of things to improve efficacy of diagnosis and remote sensing of solar photovoltaic systems: Challenges, recommendations and future directions

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  • Mellit, Adel
  • Kalogirou, Soteris

Abstract

Currently, a huge number of photovoltaic plants have been installed worldwide and these plants should be carefully protected and supervised continually in order to be safe and reliable during their working lifetime. Photovoltaic plants are subject to different types of faults and failures, while available fault detection equipment are mainly used to protect and isolate the photovoltaic plants from some faults (such as arc fault, line-to-line, line-to-ground and ground faults). Although a good number of international standards (IEC, NEC, and UL) exists, undetectable faults continue to create serious problems in photovoltaic plants. Thus, designing smart equipment, including artificial intelligence and internet of things for remote sensing and fault detection and diagnosis of photovoltaic plants, will considerably solve the shortcomings of existing methods and commercialized equipment. This paper presents an overview of artificial intelligence and internet of things applications in photovoltaic plants. This research presents also the most advanced algorithms such as machine and deep learning, in terms of cost implementation, complexity, accuracy, software suitability, and feasibility of real-time applications. The embedding of artificial intelligence and internet of things techniques for fault detection and diagnosis into simple hardware, such as low-cost chips, may be economical and technically feasible for photovoltaic plants located in remote areas, with costly and challenging accessibility for maintenance. Challenging issues, recommendations, and trends of these techniques will also be presented in this paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Mellit, Adel & Kalogirou, Soteris, 2021. "Artificial intelligence and internet of things to improve efficacy of diagnosis and remote sensing of solar photovoltaic systems: Challenges, recommendations and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:143:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121001830
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110889
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    4. Mellit, A. & Benghanem, M. & Kalogirou, S. & Massi Pavan, A., 2023. "An embedded system for remote monitoring and fault diagnosis of photovoltaic arrays using machine learning and the internet of things," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 399-408.
    5. Mohamed Benghanem & Adel Mellit & Chourouk Moussaoui, 2023. "Embedded Hybrid Model (CNN–ML) for Fault Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Modules Using Thermographic Images," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    6. Tarek Berghout & Mohamed Benbouzid & Toufik Bentrcia & Xiandong Ma & Siniša Djurović & Leïla-Hayet Mouss, 2021. "Machine Learning-Based Condition Monitoring for PV Systems: State of the Art and Future Prospects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, October.
    7. Mellit, Adel & Kalogirou, Soteris, 2022. "Assessment of machine learning and ensemble methods for fault diagnosis of photovoltaic systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1074-1090.
    8. Lee, Seonho & Kim, Jiwon & Byun, Jaewon & Joo, Junghee & Lee, Yoonjae & Kim, Taehyun & Hwangbo, Soonho & Han, Jeehoon & Kim, Sung-Kon & Lee, Jechan, 2023. "Environmentally-viable utilization of chicken litter as energy recovery and electrode production: A machine learning approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    9. Adel Mellit & Omar Herrak & Catalina Rus Casas & Alessandro Massi Pavan, 2021. "A Machine Learning and Internet of Things-Based Online Fault Diagnosis Method for Photovoltaic Arrays," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, November.
    10. Hong, Ying-Yi & Pula, Rolando A., 2022. "Detection and classification of faults in photovoltaic arrays using a 3D convolutional neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    11. Amor Hamied & Adel Mellit & Mohamed Benghanem & Sahbi Boubaker, 2023. "IoT-Based Low-Cost Photovoltaic Monitoring for a Greenhouse Farm in an Arid Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-21, April.
    12. Kellil, N. & Aissat, A. & Mellit, A., 2023. "Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic modules using deep neural networks and infrared images under Algerian climatic conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    13. Guillermo Almonacid-Olleros & Gabino Almonacid & David Gil & Javier Medina-Quero, 2022. "Evaluation of Transfer Learning and Fine-Tuning to Nowcast Energy Generation of Photovoltaic Systems in Different Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, March.
    14. Daiva Stanelyte & Neringa Radziukyniene & Virginijus Radziukynas, 2022. "Overview of Demand-Response Services: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-31, February.
    15. Lin, Wenye & Ma, Zhenjun & Li, Kehua & Tyagi, V.V. & Pandey, A.K., 2021. "A dynamic simulation platform for fault modelling and characterisation of building integrated photovoltaics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 963-981.
    16. Yap, Kah Yung & Chin, Hon Huin & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2022. "Solar Energy-Powered Battery Electric Vehicle charging stations: Current development and future prospect review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).

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