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Power extraction from tidal channels – Multiple tidal constituents, compound tides and overtides

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  • Adcock, Thomas A.A.
  • Draper, Scott

Abstract

Many candidate sites for tidal stream power extraction are tidal channels, and the power that can be generated from these sites will be directly related to the amplitude and phase of the principal tidal constituents driving flow through the channel. This paper investigates this interaction between energy extraction and tidal constituents, and also the effect that power extraction may have on harmonics of the principal constituents (i.e. compound tides and overtides). Firstly, the variation in power extraction and available power (defined as the fraction of extracted power removed by idealised tidal turbines) are investigated over a spring/neap tidal cycle using a simple theoretical model. Results from the model are used to derive analytical bounds to the variation in power at spring and neap tide. These bounds are shown to depend on the channels natural dynamic balance and are of practical importance to tidal stream device developers looking to supply power to the electricity grid. Secondly, changes in the higher harmonics in channel flow rate are investigated for deployments of tidal farm in channels of various length and geometry. Specifically, it is shown that in general if the turbines provide a uniform drag resistance to the flow through the channel, even harmonics in the flow rate will decay with power extraction (leading to a more symmetric tide), whilst odd harmonics in the flow rate may decay or increase depending on the natural tidal dynamics. These variations can have significant effect on residual flows and the local environment. Throughout the paper results from the theoretical model are compared with a complex numerical model of energy extraction from the Pentland Firth. Good agreement is shown in all cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Adcock, Thomas A.A. & Draper, Scott, 2014. "Power extraction from tidal channels – Multiple tidal constituents, compound tides and overtides," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 797-806.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:63:y:2014:i:c:p:797-806
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.10.037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vennell, Ross, 2012. "The energetics of large tidal turbine arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 210-219.
    2. Neill, Simon P. & Litt, Emmer J. & Couch, Scott J. & Davies, Alan G., 2009. "The impact of tidal stream turbines on large-scale sediment dynamics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2803-2812.
    3. Draper, Scott & Adcock, Thomas A.A. & Borthwick, Alistair G.L. & Houlsby, Guy T., 2014. "Estimate of the tidal stream power resource of the Pentland Firth," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 650-657.
    4. Shields, Mark A. & Dillon, Lora Jane & Woolf, David K. & Ford, Alex T., 2009. "Strategic priorities for assessing ecological impacts of marine renewable energy devices in the Pentland Firth (Scotland, UK)," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 635-642, July.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Vazquez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "LCOE (levelised cost of energy) mapping: A new geospatial tool for tidal stream energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 192-201.
    3. Marta-Almeida, Martinho & Cirano, Mauro & Guedes Soares, Carlos & Lessa, Guilherme C., 2017. "A numerical tidal stream energy assessment study for Baía de Todos os Santos, Brazil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 271-287.
    4. Khan, N. & Kalair, A. & Abas, N. & Haider, A., 2017. "Review of ocean tidal, wave and thermal energy technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 590-604.
    5. Neill, Simon P. & Hashemi, M. Reza & Lewis, Matt J., 2014. "The role of tidal asymmetry in characterizing the tidal energy resource of Orkney," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 337-350.
    6. Wang, Tuo & Adcock, Thomas A.A., 2019. "Combined power and thrust capping in the design of tidal turbine farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1247-1256.

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