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Study on the spray characteristics of methyl esters from waste cooking oil at elevated temperature

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  • Lin, Yung-Sung
  • Lin, Hai-Ping

Abstract

In Taiwan, millions of tons of waste cooking oil are produced each year, and less than 20% of it, about 150,000 ton/a, is reclaimed and reused. Most waste oil is flushed down the drain. Utilizing waste cooking oil to make biodiesel not only reduces engine exhaust gas pollution, but also replaces food-derived fuels, and reduces ecologic river pollution. This study employed two-stage transesterification to lower the high viscosity of waste oil, utilized emulsion to reduce the methyl ester NOx pollution, and used methanol to enhance the stability and viscosity of emulsified fuel. To further analyze spray characteristics of fuels, this experiment built a constant volume bomb under high temperature, used high speed photography to analyze spray tip penetration, spray angle, and the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of fuel droplets, and compared the results with fossil diesel. The experimental results suggested that, two-stage transesterification can significantly lower waste oil viscosity to that which is close to fossil diesel viscosity. At a temperature above 300 °C, waste cooking oil methyl esters had a water content of 20%, spray droplet characteristics were significantly improved, and NOx emission dropped significantly. The optimal fuel ratio suggested in this experiment was waste cooking oil methyl ester 74.5%, methanol 5%, water 20%, and composite surfactant Span–Tween 0.5%.

Suggested Citation

  • Lin, Yung-Sung & Lin, Hai-Ping, 2010. "Study on the spray characteristics of methyl esters from waste cooking oil at elevated temperature," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 1900-1907.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:35:y:2010:i:9:p:1900-1907
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.01.014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Keskin, Ali & Gürü, Metin & Altiparmak, Duran & Aydin, Kadir, 2008. "Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 553-557.
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    2. Soid, S.N. & Zainal, Z.A., 2011. "Spray and combustion characterization for internal combustion engines using optical measuring techniques – A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 724-741.
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    4. Lin, Yung-Sung & Lin, Hai-Ping, 2011. "Spray characteristics of emulsified castor biodiesel on engine emissions and deposit formation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3507-3516.
    5. Mathimani, Thangavel & Senthil Kumar, Tamilkolundu & Chandrasekar, Murugesan & Uma, Lakshmanan & Prabaharan, Dharmar, 2017. "Assessment of fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristics of outdoor grown marine Chlorella vulgaris BDUG 91771 biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 637-646.
    6. Leng, Lijian & Li, Hui & Yuan, Xingzhong & Zhou, Wenguang & Huang, Huajun, 2018. "Bio-oil upgrading by emulsification/microemulsification: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 214-232.
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