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Promoting sustainable P2P energy trading among microgrids via a fair and adaptive pricing mechanism

Author

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  • Wu, Songmei
  • Guo, Hui
  • Wang, Fei
  • Shi, Tianling
  • Deng, Yan
  • Zhang, Xiaokang
  • Yang, Ying
  • Ren, Lintao

Abstract

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading offers a cost-effective solution for energy exchange among microgrids (MGs). However, its widespread adoption faces critical challenges, including network constraints, market fairness and trading sustainability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel distributed P2P energy trading mechanism based on a hybrid game-theoretic framework. The mechanism aims to enhance market fairness through rational pricing of dynamic network usage fees and P2P energy trading prices, thereby fostering the sustainability of P2P transactions. The interaction between the active distribution network (ADN) and the MG alliance is modeled as a Stackelberg game, and the ADN charges the MG dynamic network fees. Internally, a cooperative game based on Nash bargaining is employed to solve P2P energy trading volumes and prices among MGs, ensuring fairness in energy pricing. Moreover, the fairness of the proposed pricing mechanism is analyzed using the Gini coefficient. Finally, simulation results on the IEEE-33 bus system demonstrate that the fair and dynamic pricing mechanism can achieve near-optimal social welfare, promoting P2P energy trading among MG and ensuring a win-win scenario for ADN and MGs.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Songmei & Guo, Hui & Wang, Fei & Shi, Tianling & Deng, Yan & Zhang, Xiaokang & Yang, Ying & Ren, Lintao, 2026. "Promoting sustainable P2P energy trading among microgrids via a fair and adaptive pricing mechanism," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:262:y:2026:i:c:s0960148126001850
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125360
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    References listed on IDEAS

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