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Optimizing PEM fuel cell performance with Tesla valve-inspired flow fields featuring embedded island structures

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  • Xie, Fangfang
  • Xin, Hongzeng
  • Liao, Mingjun

Abstract

Flow dynamics critically influence the electrochemical efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by governing reactant delivery and byproduct removal. In this study, 6 Tesla valve-inspired flow field configurations are proposed to enhance mass and thermal transport within PEMFCs. A three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal model is developed to evaluate their performance, focusing on current density, oxygen flux, temperature uniformity, and water saturation. Among all designs, the symmetric configuration with embedded floating islands (Case C) exhibits the best performance, achieving a 30.9 % increase in maximum current density compared to conventional straight channels. This enhancement is attributed to periodic acceleration–deceleration patterns that intensify convective transport and suppress local flooding. Parametric studies further reveal that an arc-to-main channel width ratio of 0.5 and an inclination angle of 30° yield the most balanced performance, improving current density by up to 8.6 %. The optimized geometries not only improve oxygen delivery and thermal uniformity but also enhance net power output by mitigating parasitic losses associated with pressure drop. This work establishes a flow-induced transport enhancement framework, offering mechanistic insights into geometric-transport coupling and guiding the design of high-performance PEMFC systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Xie, Fangfang & Xin, Hongzeng & Liao, Mingjun, 2026. "Optimizing PEM fuel cell performance with Tesla valve-inspired flow fields featuring embedded island structures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:260:y:2026:i:c:s0960148126000030
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125178
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