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Aerodynamic-structural similarity criteria for scaled-down models of ultra-long wind turbine blade

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Xu
  • Zhang, Lijun
  • Wang, Kaifei
  • Cui, Xudong
  • Liu, Ziyi
  • Jing, Zhengjun
  • Liu, Shibo
  • Lu, Jiahui
  • Cai, Baoping

Abstract

The study of flutter characteristics and mechanism of ultra-long wind turbine blades is contingent upon aeroelastic tests of scaled-down models. The construction of accurate aeroelastic scaled-down blades is a recognized challenge in the field. This study theoretically constructs aerodynamic-structural similarity criteria for wind turbine blades. The similarity relationship between the natural frequency and length ratios of 3D isometric similarity (3DIS) and shell similarity (SS) is expressed as λω = 1/λl and λω = 1/λl2, respectively. Based on the 3DIS and SS, the stiffness control strategy for scaled-down blades is proposed and its feasibility verified. To explore the applicability of the aerodynamic-structural similarity criteria, the NREL 15 MW blade CSD model with composite material layup and CFD model are constructed. The error functions to evaluate aerodynamic similarity and SS are derived and defined. The aerodynamic similarity and SS errors of the scaled-down blades with different length ratios are calculated. On this basis, a scaled blade model construction method that allows researchers to make open selections based on manufacturing and test conditions is proposed. The similarity criterion, stiffness control strategy and error evaluation method are broadly applicable to composite shell structures represented by blades, providing theoretical basis for the scaled-down models of aeroelastic tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Xu & Zhang, Lijun & Wang, Kaifei & Cui, Xudong & Liu, Ziyi & Jing, Zhengjun & Liu, Shibo & Lu, Jiahui & Cai, Baoping, 2026. "Aerodynamic-structural similarity criteria for scaled-down models of ultra-long wind turbine blade," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PD).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pd:s0960148125018488
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124184
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    References listed on IDEAS

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