IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v242y2025ics0960148124024017.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Three-dimensional shading models for estimating global radiation on photovoltaic module

Author

Listed:
  • Jiang, Niu
  • Li, Fen
  • Tan, Minhui
  • Yu, Hao
  • Qu, Aifang
  • Feng, Honglei

Abstract

The method for estimating the global radiation on the inclined surface of the second row photovoltaic (PV) module based on the three-dimensional (3-D) shading model is presented. Initially, by dividing the shadows on the second row PV module oriented in arbitrary direction into triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal sections, a method for calculating the direct radiation on the second row PV module at different orientations is obtained. Subsequently, the view factors to sky and ground of the second row PV module are derived by employing the geometric optical approach. The variations of the view factors to sky and ground with the tilt angle and the inter-row distance are analyzed, which enables the precise calculation of diffuse and reflected radiation. A detailed approach is developed for assessing the reflected radiation by considering the proportions of shadowed and illuminated areas on the ground between PV module rows. Consequently, a comprehensive model to compute global radiation on the second row PV module at arbitrary orientations, considering shadows and view factors, is presented. The study further delineates the effects of inter-row distance and tilt angle of the PV module on global radiation, providing crucial insights that can significantly improve PV system design and efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang, Niu & Li, Fen & Tan, Minhui & Yu, Hao & Qu, Aifang & Feng, Honglei, 2025. "Three-dimensional shading models for estimating global radiation on photovoltaic module," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:242:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124024017
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122333
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124024017
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2024.122333?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Díaz-Dorado, Eloy & Suárez-García, Andrés & Carrillo, Camilo J. & Cidrás, José, 2011. "Optimal distribution for photovoltaic solar trackers to minimize power losses caused by shadows," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1826-1835.
    2. Joseph Appelbaum & Avi Aronescu, 2022. "View Factors of Flat Collectors, Including Photovoltaics, Visible to Partial Sky," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Aronescu, A. & Appelbaum, J., 2024. "Sky view factors of curved surfaces," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    4. Zhang, Alex Hongliang & Sirin, Selahattin Murat & Fan, Conglai & Bu, Maoliang, 2022. "An analysis of the factors driving utility-scale solar PV investments in China: How effective was the feed-in tariff policy?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Chen, Xie & Mao, Hongzhi & Cheng, Nan & Ma, Ling & Tian, Zhiyong & Luo, Yongqiang & Zhou, Chaohui & Li, Huai & Wang, Qian & Kong, Weiqiang & Fan, Jianhua, 2024. "Climate change impacts on global photovoltaic variability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 374(C).
    6. Saeed Swaid & Joseph Appelbaum & Avi Aronescu, 2021. "Shading and Masking of PV Collectors on Horizontal and Sloped Planes Facing South and North—A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    7. Akikur, R.K. & Saidur, R. & Ping, H.W. & Ullah, K.R., 2013. "Comparative study of stand-alone and hybrid solar energy systems suitable for off-grid rural electrification: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 738-752.
    8. Li, Fen & Lin, Yilun & Guo, Jianping & Wang, Yue & Mao, Ling & Cui, Yang & Bai, Yongqing, 2020. "Novel models to estimate hourly diffuse radiation fraction for global radiation based on weather type classification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 1222-1232.
    9. Appelbaum, J., 2018. "The role of view factors in solar photovoltaic fields," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 161-171.
    10. Yanxian Li & Pan He & Yuli Shan & Yu Li & Ye Hang & Shuai Shao & Franco Ruzzenenti & Klaus Hubacek, 2024. "Reducing climate change impacts from the global food system through diet shifts," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 14(9), pages 943-953, September.
    11. Xu, Luting & Ding, Pei & Zhang, Yan & Huang, Yijing & Li, Jimei & Ma, Ruihua, 2024. "Sensitivity analysis of the shading effects from obstructions at different positions on solar photovoltaic panels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    12. Trzmiel, G. & Głuchy, D. & Kurz, D., 2020. "The impact of shading on the exploitation of photovoltaic installations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 480-498.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shen, Junhao & Luo, Yongqiang & Zhou, Chaohui & Song, Yixiao & Tian, Zhiyong & Fan, Jianhua & Zhang, Ling & Liu, Aihua, 2025. "A slightly inclined deep borehole heat exchanger array behaves better than vertical installation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    2. Dong, Xianzhou & Luo, Yongqiang & Yuan, Shuo & Tian, Zhiyong & Zhang, Limao & Wu, Xiaoying & Liu, Baobing, 2025. "Building electricity load forecasting based on spatiotemporal correlation and electricity consumption behavior information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
    3. Chenwei Peng & Jiewen Deng & Sishi Li & Xiaochao Guo & Yangyang Su & Yanhui Wang & Wenbo Qiang & Minghui Ma & Qingpeng Wei & Hui Zhang & Donglin Xie, 2024. "How to Evaluate the Operating Performance of Mid-Deep Geothermal Heat Pump Systems (MD-GHPs): A Study on a Multistage Evaluation Index System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-29, November.
    4. Li, Tao & Wang, Xing & Yu, Yingying & Fu, Qiang & Chen, Min & Xu, Chengliang & Gao, Jiajia & Li, Guannan & Mao, Qianjun, 2024. "Performance and PV benefits analysis of multi-source renewable energy systems for different types of buildings on university campus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PA).
    5. Luo, Yongqiang & Shen, Junhao & Song, Yixiao & Liu, Qingyuan & Huo, Fulei & Chu, Zhanpeng & Tian, Zhiyong & Fan, Jianhua & Zhang, Ling & Liu, Aihua, 2024. "Multi-segmented tube design and multi-objective optimization of deep coaxial borehole heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PA).
    6. Huo, Zhishuo & Zhang, Juntao & Cheng, Chuntian & Cao, Hui & Yang, Yuqi, 2025. "A synergistic model framework for identifying variable renewable energy integration capacity and deployment sites for hydro-wind-PV integrated energy bases," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    7. Xu, Xinyin & Yang, Liu & Liu, Yan & Cao, Qimeng & Feng, Hengli, 2025. "Dual-objective optimization of solar-driven energy system for rural households in solar-rich areas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    8. Antoine Boche & Clément Foucher & Luiz Fernando Lavado Villa, 2022. "Understanding Microgrid Sustainability: A Systemic and Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-29, April.
    9. Hai Lan & Jinfeng Dai & Shuli Wen & Ying-Yi Hong & David C. Yu & Yifei Bai, 2015. "Optimal Tilt Angle of Photovoltaic Arrays and Economic Allocation of Energy Storage System on Large Oil Tanker Ship," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-16, October.
    10. Ghaith, Ahmad F. & Epplin, Francis M. & Frazier, R. Scott, 2017. "Economics of grid-tied household solar panel systems versus grid-only electricity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 407-424.
    11. Gómez, Sergio Yesid & Hotza, Dachamir, 2016. "Current developments in reversible solid oxide fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 155-174.
    12. Johnson, Joji & Manikandan, S., 2023. "Experimental study and model development of bifacial photovoltaic power plants for Indian climatic zones," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    13. Muh, Erasmus & Tabet, Fouzi, 2019. "Comparative analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems for off-grid applications in Southern Cameroons," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 41-54.
    14. Hernández-Escobedo, Q. & Fernández-García, A. & Manzano-Agugliaro, F., 2017. "Solar resource assessment for rural electrification and industrial development in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1550-1561.
    15. Lin, Boqiang & Xie, Yongjing, 2024. "How feed-in-tariff subsidies affect renewable energy investments in China? New evidence from firm-level data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    16. Werulkar, Ashutosh Sudhirrao & Kulkarni, Prakash S., 2015. "A case study of residential solar photovoltaic system with utility backup in Nagpur, India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1809-1822.
    17. Perpiñán, O., 2012. "Cost of energy and mutual shadows in a two-axis tracking PV system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 331-342.
    18. Jouttijärvi, Sami & Lobaccaro, Gabriele & Kamppinen, Aleksi & Miettunen, Kati, 2022. "Benefits of bifacial solar cells combined with low voltage power grids at high latitudes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    19. Rezzouk, H. & Mellit, A., 2015. "Feasibility study and sensitivity analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic–diesel–battery hybrid energy system in the north of Algeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1134-1150.
    20. Ghaem Sigarchian, Sara & Paleta, Rita & Malmquist, Anders & Pina, André, 2015. "Feasibility study of using a biogas engine as backup in a decentralized hybrid (PV/wind/battery) power generation system – Case study Kenya," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1830-1841.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:242:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124024017. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.