Optimal economic configuration by sharing hydrogen storage while considering distributed demand response in hydrogen-based renewable microgrid

With the issues of the greenhouse effect and environmental pollution globally, a high proportion of renewable energy has been integrated into microgrids. Its interconnection brings many challenges to the electric power industry. This paper proposes a new distributed response strategy through sharing hydrogen storage resources, aiming to solve the supply-demand imbalance in microgrids. First, the uneven power distribution from shared energy storage stations necessitates ensuring a fair power dispatch among users. Next, a microgrid demand response model with multi-constraint conditions and high penetration of wind and solar power is established, incorporating constraints like user power consumption, energy storage capacity, and charging/discharging power while considering differences in user electricity behaviors. Finally, the optimal economic configuration uses Lagrange duality theory to process the integrated models, including the demand response, hydrogen sharing, and power generation models, to make the optimization goals fairer. Results demonstrate that our strategy can adjust user electricity usage according to real-time supply-demand conditions, reducing users' total costs by 39.4 %. Compared with the existing configurations of sharing hydrogen storage configurations, our model uses more accurate utility functions, demonstrating better economic advantages, with users' total costs reduced by 4.89 % and revenue of the shared storage station increased by 4.02 %.