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Influence of shunt currents in industrial-scale alkaline water electrolyzer plants

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  • Sakas, Georgios
  • Ibáñez-Rioja, Alejandro
  • Pöyhönen, Santeri
  • Kosonen, Antti
  • Ruuskanen, Vesa
  • Kauranen, Pertti
  • Ahola, Jero

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze through simulation how the energy efficiency of a single electrolysis stack at various loads is affected by shunt currents and to determine the energy-optimal load distribution between lines in a multiline electrolysis system under various magnitudes of shunt current losses. A dynamic energy and mass balance model of an industrial 3MW, 16bar alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) process was developed using MATLAB. The optimization goal is to determine the power supply for each AWE line so that it can meet any hydrogen demand while minimizing the global specific energy consumption (SEC). The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to minimize the objective function. According to the results of the single stack investigation, shunt current reduction could significantly improve the energy efficiency of partial-load operation. In addition, the optimization study revealed that whenever two or more lines are required to run in order to satisfy the hydrogen demand, the global SEC is minimized when the lines operate at equal loads.

Suggested Citation

  • Sakas, Georgios & Ibáñez-Rioja, Alejandro & Pöyhönen, Santeri & Kosonen, Antti & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Kauranen, Pertti & Ahola, Jero, 2024. "Influence of shunt currents in industrial-scale alkaline water electrolyzer plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:225:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124003318
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120266
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hu, Song & Guo, Bin & Ding, Shunliang & Yang, Fuyuan & Dang, Jian & Liu, Biao & Gu, Junjie & Ma, Jugang & Ouyang, Minggao, 2022. "A comprehensive review of alkaline water electrolysis mathematical modeling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    2. Ibáñez-Rioja, Alejandro & Järvinen, Lauri & Puranen, Pietari & Kosonen, Antti & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Hynynen, Katja & Ahola, Jero & Kauranen, Pertti, 2023. "Off-grid solar PV–wind power–battery–water electrolyzer plant: Simultaneous optimization of component capacities and system control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 345(C).
    3. Sakas, Georgios & Ibáñez-Rioja, Alejandro & Pöyhönen, Santeri & Järvinen, Lauri & Kosonen, Antti & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Kauranen, Pertti & Ahola, Jero, 2024. "Sensitivity analysis of the process conditions affecting the shunt currents and the SEC in an industrial-scale alkaline water electrolyzer plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
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    5. De Silva, Y. Sanath K. & Middleton, Peter Hugh & Kolhe, Mohan Lal, 2020. "Performance comparison of mono-polar and bi-polar configurations of alkaline electrolysis stack through 3-D modelling and experimental fabrication," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 760-772.
    6. Mohammad Ostadi & Kristofer Gunnar Paso & Sandra Rodriguez-Fabia & Lars Erik Øi & Flavio Manenti & Magne Hillestad, 2020. "Process Integration of Green Hydrogen: Decarbonization of Chemical Industries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
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    1. Roy, Tushar Kanti, 2026. "Techno-economic and environmental assessment of green hydrogen production in multiple Australian regions using different electrolyzer technologies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PB).
    2. Ibáñez-Rioja, Alejandro & Puranen, Pietari & Järvinen, Lauri & Kosonen, Antti & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Hynynen, Katja & Ahola, Jero & Kauranen, Pertti, 2025. "Baseload hydrogen supply from an off-grid solar PV–wind power–battery–water electrolyzer plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    3. Pöyhönen, Santeri & Ibáñez-Rioja, Alejandro & Sakas, Georgios & Kosonen, Antti & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Kauranen, Pertti & Ahola, Jero & Kiilavuo, Jukka & Krimer, Anton, 2025. "Dynamic mass- and energy-balance simulation model of an industrial-scale atmospheric alkaline water electrolyzer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    4. Salmelin, Markus & Inkeri, Eero & Sridhar, Araavind & Honkapuro, Samuli & Lassila, Jukka, 2025. "Effect of large-scale variable electric loads and operation strategy in decentralized electricity markets: Case of large electrolyzers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).

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