IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v177y2021icp72-81.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A modelling evaluation of electromagnetic fields emitted by buried subsea power cables and encountered by marine animals: Considerations for marine renewable energy development

Author

Listed:
  • Hutchison, Zoë L.
  • Gill, Andrew B.
  • Sigray, Peter
  • He, Haibo
  • King, John W.

Abstract

The expanding marine renewable energy industry will increase the prevalence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from power cables in coastal waters. Assessments of environmental impacts are required within licensing/permitting processes and increased prevalence of cables will increase questions concerning EMF emissions and potential cumulative impacts. It is presumed that protecting a cable by burial, may also mitigate EMF emissions and potential impacts on species. Focussing on a bundled high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission cable, we use computational and interpretive models to explore the influence of cable properties and burial depth on the DC magnetic field (DC-MF) potentially encountered by receptive species. Greater cable pair separation increased the deviations from the geomagnetic field and while deeper burial reduced the deviations, the DC-MF was present at intensities perceivable by receptive species. An animal moving along a cable route may be exposed to variable EMFs due to varied burial depth and that combined with an animal's position in the water column determines the distance from source and EMF exposure. Modelling contextually realistic scenarios would improve assessments of potential effects. We suggest developers and cable industries make cable properties and energy transmission data available, enabling realistic modelling and environmental assessment supporting future developments.

Suggested Citation

  • Hutchison, Zoë L. & Gill, Andrew B. & Sigray, Peter & He, Haibo & King, John W., 2021. "A modelling evaluation of electromagnetic fields emitted by buried subsea power cables and encountered by marine animals: Considerations for marine renewable energy development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 72-81.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:177:y:2021:i:c:p:72-81
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.041
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121007175
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.041?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Taormina, Bastien & Bald, Juan & Want, Andrew & Thouzeau, Gérard & Lejart, Morgane & Desroy, Nicolas & Carlier, Antoine, 2018. "A review of potential impacts of submarine power cables on the marine environment: Knowledge gaps, recommendations and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 380-391.
    2. Soares-Ramos, Emanuel P.P. & de Oliveira-Assis, Lais & Sarrias-Mena, Raúl & Fernández-Ramírez, Luis M., 2020. "Current status and future trends of offshore wind power in Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    3. Larry C. Boles & Kenneth J. Lohmann, 2003. "True navigation and magnetic maps in spiny lobsters," Nature, Nature, vol. 421(6918), pages 60-63, January.
    4. Bains, Henna & Madariaga, Ander & Troffaes, Matthias C.M. & Kazemtabrizi, Behzad, 2020. "An economic model for offshore transmission asset planning under severe uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1174-1184.
    5. Kalair, A. & Abas, N. & Khan, N., 2016. "Comparative study of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1653-1675.
    6. Roberto Benato & İbrahim Balanuye & Fatih Köksal & Nurhan Ozan & Ercüment Özdemirci, 2018. "Installation of XLPE-Insulated 400 kV Submarine AC Power Cables under the Dardanelles Strait: A 4 GW Turkish Grid Reinforcement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, January.
    7. Fox, Clive J. & Benjamins, Steven & Masden, Elizabeth A. & Miller, Raeanne, 2018. "Challenges and opportunities in monitoring the impacts of tidal-stream energy devices on marine vertebrates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1926-1938.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wu, Yunna & Liu, Fangtong & Wu, Junhao & He, Jiaming & Xu, Minjia & Zhou, Jianli, 2022. "Barrier identification and analysis framework to the development of offshore wind-to-hydrogen projects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. d'Amore-Domenech, Rafael & Leo, Teresa J. & Pollet, Bruno G., 2021. "Bulk power transmission at sea: Life cycle cost comparison of electricity and hydrogen as energy vectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    2. Alassi, Abdulrahman & Bañales, Santiago & Ellabban, Omar & Adam, Grain & MacIver, Callum, 2019. "HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 530-554.
    3. Baopeng Lu & Shuaibing Li & Yi Cui & Xiaowei Zhao & Daqi Zhang & Yongqiang Kang & Haiying Dong, 2022. "Insulation Degradation Mechanism and Diagnosis Methods of Offshore Wind Power Cables: An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-26, December.
    4. Arcia-Garibaldi, Guadalupe & Cruz-Romero, Pedro & Gómez-Expósito, Antonio, 2018. "Future power transmission: Visions, technologies and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 285-301.
    5. Joalland, Olivier & Mahieu, Pierre-Alexandre, 2023. "Developing large-scale offshore wind power programs: A choice experiment analysis in France," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(PA).
    6. Nansheng Pang & Wenjing Guo, 2019. "Uncertain Hybrid Multiple Attribute Group Decision of Offshore Wind Power Transmission Mode Based on theVIKOR Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-21, November.
    7. Kamila Pronińska & Krzysztof Księżopolski, 2021. "Baltic Offshore Wind Energy Development—Poland’s Public Policy Tools Analysis and the Geostrategic Implications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    8. M. A. Clare & A. Lichtschlag & S. Paradis & N. L. M. Barlow, 2023. "Assessing the impact of the global subsea telecommunications network on sedimentary organic carbon stocks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Santos, José Vicente Cardoso & Perini, Noéle Bissoli & Moret, Marcelo Albano & Nascimento, Erick Giovani Sperandio & Moreira, Davidson Martins, 2021. "Scaling behavior of wind speed in the coast of Brazil and the South Atlantic Ocean: The crossover phenomenon," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    10. Liu, Xiaodong & Chen, Zheng & Si, Yulin & Qian, Peng & Wu, He & Cui, Lin & Zhang, Dahai, 2021. "A review of tidal current energy resource assessment in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    11. Tiago A. Antunes & Rui Castro & Paulo J. Santos & Armando J. Pires, 2023. "Standardization of Power-from-Shore Grid Connections for Offshore Oil & Gas Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    12. Jiang, Sufan & Wu, Chuanshen & Gao, Shan & Pan, Guangsheng & Liu, Yu & Zhao, Xin & Wang, Sicheng, 2022. "Robust frequency risk-constrained unit commitment model for AC-DC system considering wind uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 395-406.
    13. Kalair, A. & Abas, N. & Kalair, A.R. & Saleem, Z. & Khan, N., 2017. "Review of harmonic analysis, modeling and mitigation techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1152-1187.
    14. Shangen Tian & David Campos-Gaona & Vinícius A. Lacerda & Raymundo E. Torres-Olguin & Olimpo Anaya-Lara, 2020. "Novel Control Approach for a Hybrid Grid-Forming HVDC Offshore Transmission System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
    15. Löffler, Konstantin & Burandt, Thorsten & Hainsch, Karlo & Oei, Pao-Yu & Seehaus, Frederik & Wejda, Felix, 2022. "Chances and barriers for Germany's low carbon transition - Quantifying uncertainties in key influential factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    16. Graciela Rivera & Angélica Felix & Edgar Mendoza, 2020. "A Review on Environmental and Social Impacts of Thermal Gradient and Tidal Currents Energy Conversion and Application to the Case of Chiapas, Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
    17. Kosman, Wojciech & Rusin, Andrzej & Reichel, Piotr, 2023. "Application of an energy storage system with molten salt to a steam turbine cycle to decrease the minimal acceptable load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    18. C, O. Mauricio Hernandez & Shadman, Milad & Amiri, Mojtaba Maali & Silva, Corbiniano & Estefen, Segen F. & La Rovere, Emilio, 2021. "Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    19. Veronika Wittmann & Elif Arici & Dieter Meissner, 2021. "The Nexus of World Electricity and Global Sustainable Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    20. repec:jss:jstsof:31:i10 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Abas, N. & Kalair, A. & Khan, N. & Kalair, A.R., 2017. "Review of GHG emissions in Pakistan compared to SAARC countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 990-1016.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:177:y:2021:i:c:p:72-81. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.