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Sono-enhanced dispersion of CaO over Zr-Doped MCM-41 bifunctional nanocatalyst with various Si/Zr ratios for conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel

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  • Dehghani, Sahar
  • Haghighi, Mohammad

Abstract

In present work, the catalytic properties of MCM-41 were boosted by introducing Zr into its structure with various amounts of Si/Zr molar ratios. Then it was loaded by calcium through conventional impregnation and sono-dispersion. Synthesized nanocatalysts were analysed using EDX, XRD, FTIR, FESEM and BET-BJH techniques. The results of XRD technique revealed the fabrication of MCM-41 and CaO. The FESEM images proved that the surface particle sizes of the synthesized catalysts were in the range of nanoscale and EDX results represented that Ca was more effectively scattered over the support in sonicated samples compared to non-sonicated one. Also, both FESEM and BET-BJH analysis represented a decrease in MCM-41 specific surface area with Si/Zr molar ratio reduction. The catalytic performances of bifunctional samples were evaluated for transesterification and esterification reactions. The constant operational conditions were as follows: 70 °C, MeOH/Oil = 9 and 5 wt% catalyst. Generally, the obtained results demonstrated a remarkable improvement in biodiesel conversion due to an increase of Zr amounts in catalysts and also the sample which was exposed to ultrasound represented better reusability in comparison with the non-sonicated sample. Among the prepared samples, the sonicated Ca/ZM-U (Si/Zr = 10) sample was the best catalyst for biodiesel production with high reusability.

Suggested Citation

  • Dehghani, Sahar & Haghighi, Mohammad, 2020. "Sono-enhanced dispersion of CaO over Zr-Doped MCM-41 bifunctional nanocatalyst with various Si/Zr ratios for conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 801-812.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:153:y:2020:i:c:p:801-812
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sajjadi, Baharak & Raman, Abdul Aziz Abdul & Arandiyan, Hamidreza, 2016. "A comprehensive review on properties of edible and non-edible vegetable oil-based biodiesel: Composition, specifications and prediction models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 62-92.
    2. Likozar, Blaž & Levec, Janez, 2014. "Transesterification of canola, palm, peanut, soybean and sunflower oil with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and tert-butanol to biodiesel: Modelling of chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics ," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 108-120.
    3. Moradi, G.R. & Dehghani, S. & Khosravian, F. & Arjmandzadeh, A., 2013. "The optimized operational conditions for biodiesel production from soybean oil and application of artificial neural networks for estimation of the biodiesel yield," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 915-920.
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    2. Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala & Changmai, Bishwajit & Kress, Thomas & Wheatley, Andrew E.H., 2022. "A one-pot route to tunable sugar-derived sulfonated carbon catalysts for sustainable production of biodiesel by fatty acid esterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 908-919.
    3. Ebadinezhad, Behzad & Haghighi, Mohammad & Zeinalzadeh, Hossein, 2021. "Influence of carbon casting loading and ultrasound irradiation on catalytic design of Al–Si–P zeotype nanostructure for biofuel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 290-307.
    4. Aghel, Babak & Gouran, Ashkan & Parandi, Ehsan & Jumeh, Binta Hadi & Nodeh, Hamid Rashidi, 2022. "Production of biodiesel from high acidity waste cooking oil using nano GO@MgO catalyst in a microreactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 294-302.

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