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Experimental study of swirling flow from conical diffusers using the water jet control method

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  • Bosioc, Alin Ilie
  • Tănasă, Constantin

Abstract

The actual requirements of the energy market enforce the hydraulic turbine to operate far from the best efficiency point. When hydraulic turbines operate at partial discharge, downstream of the runner (in the conical diffuser), the decelerated swirling flow becomes highly unstable. In these conditions a spiral vortex breakdown occurs, also known in engineering literature as the precessing vortex rope. The flow unsteadiness produced by the vortex rope results in severe pressure fluctuations that hinder the turbine operation or may cause accidents. We propose the water jet method for decelerated swirling flow with vortex rope from conical diffuser to mitigate the unsteadiness. The method involves injecting water at the inlet of the conical diffuser. Initial experimental investigations of the unsteady pressure field at conical diffuser wall reveal that the water injection method mitigates the pressure pulsations associated to the precessing vortex rope. In this paper, we investigate experimental measurements of the unsteady velocity field in a conical diffuser using LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry). The main goal of the paper is to show how different water-jet discharge rates change the velocity field and the characteristics of the vortex rope in the wake.

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  • Bosioc, Alin Ilie & Tănasă, Constantin, 2020. "Experimental study of swirling flow from conical diffusers using the water jet control method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 385-398.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:152:y:2020:i:c:p:385-398
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.01.080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2018. "Review of hydrodynamics instabilities in Francis turbine during off-design and transient operations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 697-709.
    2. Mulu, B.G. & Jonsson, P.P. & Cervantes, M.J., 2012. "Experimental investigation of a Kaplan draft tube – Part I: Best efficiency point," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 695-706.
    3. Trivedi, Chirag & Agnalt, Einar & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2018. "Experimental study of a Francis turbine under variable-speed and discharge conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 447-458.
    4. Jonsson, P.P. & Mulu, B.G. & Cervantes, M.J., 2012. "Experimental investigation of a Kaplan draft tube – Part II: Off-design conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 71-83.
    5. Trivedi, Chirag & Agnalt, Einar & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2017. "Investigations of unsteady pressure loading in a Francis turbine during variable-speed operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 397-410.
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    1. Sergey Shtork & Daniil Suslov & Sergey Skripkin & Ivan Litvinov & Evgeny Gorelikov, 2023. "An Overview of Active Control Techniques for Vortex Rope Mitigation in Hydraulic Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-31, July.

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