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Cavitation and runaway experimental research of a very high specific speed low-head model Francis turbine – A case study with emphasis on flow analysis in the draft tube

Author

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  • Krzemianowski, Zbigniew
  • Steller, Janusz
  • Janicki, Waldemar
  • Góralczyk, Adam

Abstract

Francis turbines designed in accordance with the rules of art, dedicated to the lowest heads, are characterized by high specific speeds, which means that they accommodate high flow rates, being exposed to the risk of cavitation due to the relatively high fluid velocities in the flow system compared to classic Francis machines.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzemianowski, Zbigniew & Steller, Janusz & Janicki, Waldemar & Góralczyk, Adam, 2025. "Cavitation and runaway experimental research of a very high specific speed low-head model Francis turbine – A case study with emphasis on flow analysis in the draft tube," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:337:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225041982
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138556
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Trivedi, Chirag & Iliev, Igor & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar & Markov, Zoran & Engstrom, Fredrik & Lysaker, Henning, 2020. "Investigation of a Francis turbine during speed variation: Inception of cavitation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 147-162.
    2. Krzemianowski, Zbigniew & Przybyliński, Tomasz & Karwacki, Jarosław & Tomaszewski, Adam, 2025. "Experimental research of a high specific speed low-head model Francis turbine – A case study with emphasis on flow visualisation under runner using PIV method and energy production analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    3. Wen-Tao Su & Wei Zhao & Maxime Binama & Yue Zhao & Jian-Ying Huang & Xue-Ren Chen, 2022. "Experimental Francis Turbine Cavitation Performances of a Hydro-Energy Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2018. "Review of hydrodynamics instabilities in Francis turbine during off-design and transient operations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 697-709.
    5. Cheng, Huan & Zhou, Lingjiu & Liang, Quanwei & Guan, Ziwu & Liu, Demin & Wang, Zhaoning & Kang, Wenzhe, 2020. "A method of evaluating the vortex rope strength in draft tube of Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 770-780.
    6. Kumar, Sandeep & Cervantes, Michel J. & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2021. "Rotating vortex rope formation and mitigation in draft tube of hydro turbines – A review from experimental perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    7. Sun, Longgang & Guo, Pengcheng & Luo, Xingqi, 2020. "Numerical investigation on inter-blade cavitation vortex in a Franics turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 64-74.
    8. Trivedi, Chirag & Agnalt, Einar & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2018. "Experimental study of a Francis turbine under variable-speed and discharge conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 447-458.
    9. Damian Liszka & Zbigniew Krzemianowski & Tomasz Węgiel & Dariusz Borkowski & Andrzej Polniak & Konrad Wawrzykowski & Artur Cebula, 2022. "Alternative Solutions for Small Hydropower Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-31, February.
    10. Krzemianowski, Zbigniew & Steller, Janusz, 2021. "High specific speed Francis turbine for small hydro purposes - Design methodology based on solving the inverse problem in fluid mechanics and the cavitation test experience," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1210-1228.
    11. Punys, Petras & Kvaraciejus, Algis & Dumbrauskas, Antanas & Šilinis, Linas & Popa, Bogdan, 2019. "An assessment of micro-hydropower potential at historic watermill, weir, and non-powered dam sites in selected EU countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1108-1123.
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