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Dynamic vulnerability assessment of process plants with respect to vapor cloud explosions

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  • Chen, Chao
  • Khakzad, Nima
  • Reniers, Genserik

Abstract

Vapor cloud explosion (VCE) accidents in recent years such as the Buncefield accident in 2005 indicate that VCEs in process plants may lead to unpredicted overpressures, resulting in catastrophic disasters. Although a lot of attempts have been done to assess VCEs in process plants, little attention has been paid to the spatial-temporal evolution of VCEs. This study, therefore, aims to develop a dynamic methodology based on discrete dynamic event tree to assess the likelihood of VCEs and the vulnerability of installations. The developed methodology consists of six steps: (i) identification of hazardous installations and potential loss of containment (LOC), (ii) analysis of vapor cloud dispersion, (iii) identification and characterization of ignition sources, (iv) explosion frequency and delayed time assessment using the dynamic event tree, (v) overpressure calculation by the Multi-Energy method and (vi) damage assessment based on probit models. This methodology considers the time dependencies in vapor cloud dispersion and in the uncertainty of delayed ignitions. Application of the methodology to a case study shows that the methodology can reflect the characteristics of large VCEs and avoid underestimating the consequences. Besides, this study indicates that ignition control may be regarded as a delay measure, effective emergency actions are needed for preventing VCEs.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Chao & Khakzad, Nima & Reniers, Genserik, 2020. "Dynamic vulnerability assessment of process plants with respect to vapor cloud explosions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:200:y:2020:i:c:s0951832019309913
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2020.106934
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Yunfeng & Chen, Guohua & Reniers, Genserik, 2020. "Vulnerability assessment of atmospheric storage tanks to floods based on logistic regression," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    2. Khakzad, Nima & Khan, Faisal & Amyotte, Paul, 2012. "Dynamic risk analysis using bow-tie approach," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 36-44.
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    4. Khakzad, Nima & Reniers, Genserik & Abbassi, Rouzbeh & Khan, Faisal, 2016. "Vulnerability analysis of process plants subject to domino effects," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 127-136.
    5. Chen, Chao & Reniers, Genserik & Khakzad, Nima, 2019. "Integrating safety and security resources to protect chemical industrial parks from man-made domino effects: A dynamic graph approach," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    6. Khakzad, Nima, 2015. "Application of dynamic Bayesian network to risk analysis of domino effects in chemical infrastructures," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 263-272.
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    5. Dingding Yang & Yu Zheng & Kai Peng & Lidong Pan & Juan Zheng & Baojing Xie & Bohong Wang, 2022. "Characteristics and Statistical Analysis of Large and above Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China from 2000 to 2020," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-27, November.
    6. Li, Xiaofeng & Chen, Guohua & Amyotte, Paul & Khan, Faisal & Alauddin, Mohammad, 2023. "Vulnerability assessment of storage tanks exposed to simultaneous fire and explosion hazards," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    7. Chao Zhang & Wan Wang & Fengjiao Xu & Yong Chen & Tingxin Qin, 2022. "A Risk Treatment Strategy Model for Oil Pipeline Accidents Based on a Bayesian Decision Network Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-16, October.
    8. Gholamizadeh, Kamran & Zarei, Esmaeil & Yazdi, Mohammad & Ramezanifar, Ehsan & Aliabadi, Mostafa Mirzaei, 2024. "A hybrid model for dynamic analysis of domino effects in chemical process industries," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    9. Jian Guo & Jun Wang & Baikang Zhu & Bingyuan Hong & Cuicui Li & Jianhui He, 2022. "A Risk Evaluation Method of Coastal Oil Depots for Heavy Rainfall Vulnerability Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-12, June.
    10. Chen, Chao & Reniers, Genserik & Khakzad, Nima, 2021. "A dynamic multi-agent approach for modeling the evolution of multi-hazard accident scenarios in chemical plants," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    11. Yuan, Shuaiqi & Cai, Jitao & Reniers, Genserik & Yang, Ming & Chen, Chao & Wu, Jiansong, 2022. "Safety barrier performance assessment by integrating computational fluid dynamics and evacuation modeling for toxic gas leakage scenarios," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).

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