Assessing metro station facility network resilience to cascading failures using a coupled map lattice approach

Metro stations as critical infrastructures are highly susceptible to cascading failures. However, existing resilience studies often oversimplify stations into single nodes, overlooking intricate facility-level mechanisms. To address this gap, this paper proposes a micro-level cascading failure analysis method based on an improved Coupled Map Lattice (CML) model. The approach maps station facilities into a directed layered network and develops an enhanced CML model that incorporates a two-stage passenger flow redistribution strategy. An empirical study is conducted using Beijing Metro's Xizhimen Station, a representative three-line transfer hub. The results indicate that topological coupling dominates flow coupling in the propagation of cascading failures. Furthermore, a critical boundary for widespread failure propagation emerges from the interplay of facility coupling strength, tolerance capacity, and perturbation intensity. Additionally, attacks targeting the highest-degree nodes cause more extensive failure propagation than those targeting the highest-load nodes.