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Modeling and simulation of alighting and boarding processes of passengers in metro stations

Author

Listed:
  • Jia, Yining
  • Chen, Qiyi
  • Fu, Libi
  • Zhang, Yu
  • Zhu, Tianpei
  • Shi, Yongqian
  • Li, Hongliu

Abstract

Subway efficiency is significantly affected by chaotic boarding and alighting processes. A modified Social Force Model (MSFM) is proposed to address this issue. The “Disembarking Precedes Embarking” (DPE) rule is integrated with microscopic mechanisms, such as body rotation and obstacle avoidance. Simulations are conducted using realistic spatial configurations. The model is validated against experimental data, and no significant difference is shown. Consequently, realistic passenger dynamics are effectively captured. It is observed that operation times are prolonged by non-compliance with the DPE rule of pedestrians. Furthermore, door congestion is maximized at a 1:1 boarding-to-alighting ratio. A strategy allowing alighting from the center and boarding from both sides is proven to be superior. This research will provide theoretical support for the design of public transit facilities and practical guidance strategies to enhance passenger flow and safety.

Suggested Citation

  • Jia, Yining & Chen, Qiyi & Fu, Libi & Zhang, Yu & Zhu, Tianpei & Shi, Yongqian & Li, Hongliu, 2026. "Modeling and simulation of alighting and boarding processes of passengers in metro stations," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 685(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:685:y:2026:i:c:s0378437126000154
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2026.131279
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