IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v668y2025ics0378437125002201.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamic cross-correlation in emerging cryptocurrency market

Author

Listed:
  • Jin, Lifu
  • Zheng, Bo
  • Jiang, Xiongfei
  • Xiong, Long
  • Zhang, Jiu
  • Ma, Jiahao

Abstract

The dynamic of the emerging cryptocurrency market is explored based on 69 cryptocurrencies from 2020 to 2023. The random matrix theory is introduced to analyze the structure of the cross-correlation, and the Shannon entropy to characterize the evolution of the eigenmodes. The results suggest that the cryptocurrency market has gradually transformed into a mature one. In particular, Bitcoin and Ethereum play important roles during this period. The spatial structure, which is impacted by the external forces such as the political and business events, exhibits three typical states. Using a variation of the two-factor model, we simulate the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market. In addition, the Epps effect is observed in the cryptocurrency market.

Suggested Citation

  • Jin, Lifu & Zheng, Bo & Jiang, Xiongfei & Xiong, Long & Zhang, Jiu & Ma, Jiahao, 2025. "Dynamic cross-correlation in emerging cryptocurrency market," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 668(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:668:y:2025:i:c:s0378437125002201
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2025.130568
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437125002201
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2025.130568?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. X. F. Jiang & B. Zheng, 2012. "Anti-correlation and subsector structure in financial systems," Papers 1201.6418, arXiv.org.
    2. Kingstone Nyakurukwa & Yudhvir Seetharam, 2023. "Higher moment connectedness of cryptocurrencies: a time-frequency approach," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 47(3), pages 793-814, September.
    3. Gao, Ting & Wang, Huaiming & Du, Dongying, 2024. "The interdependence structure of cryptocurrencies and Chinese financial assets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PA).
    4. Urquhart, Andrew, 2018. "What causes the attention of Bitcoin?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 40-44.
    5. José Almeida & Tiago Cruz Gonçalves, 2023. "A Decade of Cryptocurrency Investment Literature: A Cluster-Based Systematic Analysis," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, May.
    6. Bouri, Elie & Gupta, Rangan & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Roubaud, David, 2017. "Does Bitcoin hedge global uncertainty? Evidence from wavelet-based quantile-in-quantile regressions," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 87-95.
    7. X. F. Jiang & T. T. Chen & B. Zheng, 2014. "Structure of local interactions in complex financial dynamics," Papers 1406.0070, arXiv.org.
    8. Bouri, Elie & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Co-explosivity in the cryptocurrency market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 178-183.
    9. Stosic, Darko & Stosic, Dusan & Ludermir, Teresa B. & Stosic, Tatijana, 2018. "Collective behavior of cryptocurrency price changes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 507(C), pages 499-509.
    10. X. F. Jiang & T. T. Chen & B. Zheng, 2013. "Time-reversal asymmetry in financial systems," Papers 1308.0669, arXiv.org.
    11. Corbet, Shaen & Meegan, Andrew & Larkin, Charles & Lucey, Brian & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2018. "Exploring the dynamic relationships between cryptocurrencies and other financial assets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 28-34.
    12. Zięba, Damian & Kokoszczyński, Ryszard & Śledziewska, Katarzyna, 2019. "Shock transmission in the cryptocurrency market. Is Bitcoin the most influential?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 102-125.
    13. Parameswaran Gopikrishnan & Vasiliki Plerou & Luis A. Nunes Amaral & Martin Meyer & H. Eugene Stanley, 1999. "Scaling of the distribution of fluctuations of financial market indices," Papers cond-mat/9905305, arXiv.org.
    14. Molero-González, L. & Trinidad-Segovia, J.E. & Sánchez-Granero, M.A. & García-Medina, A., 2023. "Market Beta is not dead: An approach from Random Matrix Theory," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PA).
    15. Urquhart, Andrew, 2016. "The inefficiency of Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 80-82.
    16. Kumar, Ashish & Iqbal, Najaf & Mitra, Subrata Kumar & Kristoufek, Ladislav & Bouri, Elie, 2022. "Connectedness among major cryptocurrencies in standard times and during the COVID-19 outbreak," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    17. Marcin Wk{a}torek & Stanis{l}aw Dro.zd.z & Jaros{l}aw Kwapie'n & Ludovico Minati & Pawe{l} O'swik{e}cimka & Marek Stanuszek, 2020. "Multiscale characteristics of the emerging global cryptocurrency market," Papers 2010.15403, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2021.
    18. Tóth, Bence & Kertész, János, 2007. "On the origin of the Epps effect," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 383(1), pages 54-58.
    19. Marcin Wk{a}torek & Jaros{l}aw Kwapie'n & Stanis{l}aw Dro.zd.z, 2022. "Multifractal cross-correlations of bitcoin and ether trading characteristics in the post-COVID-19 time," Papers 2208.01445, arXiv.org.
    20. Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed & Mensi, Walid & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2018. "Efficiency, multifractality, and the long-memory property of the Bitcoin market: A comparative analysis with stock, currency, and gold markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 228-234.
    21. Li, Yan & Jiang, Xiong-Fei & Tian, Yue & Li, Sai-Ping & Zheng, Bo, 2019. "Portfolio optimization based on network topology," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 515(C), pages 671-681.
    22. Nie, Chun-Xiao, 2020. "Correlation dynamics in the cryptocurrency market based on dimensionality reduction analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 554(C).
    23. Liu, Weiyi, 2019. "Portfolio diversification across cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 200-205.
    24. Smales, L.A., 2019. "Bitcoin as a safe haven: Is it even worth considering?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 385-393.
    25. Guesmi, Khaled & Saadi, Samir & Abid, Ilyes & Ftiti, Zied, 2019. "Portfolio diversification with virtual currency: Evidence from bitcoin," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 431-437.
    26. Bence Toth & Janos Kertesz, 2007. "On the origin of the Epps effect," Papers physics/0701110, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2007.
    27. Vasiliki Plerou & Parameswaran Gopikrishnan & Bernd Rosenow & Luis A. Nunes Amaral & H. Eugene Stanley, 1999. "Universal and non-universal properties of cross-correlations in financial time series," Papers cond-mat/9902283, arXiv.org.
    28. Yan Li & Bo Zheng & Ting-Ting Chen & Xiong-Fei Jiang, 2017. "Fluctuation-driven price dynamics and investment strategies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, December.
    29. Zhang, Jiu & Jin, Li-Fu & Zheng, Bo & Li, Yan & Jiang, Xiong-Fei, 2022. "Simplified calculations of time correlation functions in non-stationary complex financial systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 589(C).
    30. Marcin Wątorek & Jarosław Kwapień & Stanisław Drożdż, 2022. "Multifractal Cross-Correlations of Bitcoin and Ether Trading Characteristics in the Post-COVID-19 Time," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, July.
    31. Cao, Guangxi & Ling, Meijun, 2022. "Asymmetry and conduction direction of the interdependent structure between cryptocurrency and US dollar, renminbi, and gold markets," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    32. Katsiampa, Paraskevi, 2019. "Volatility co-movement between Bitcoin and Ether," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 221-227.
    33. Muhammad Anas & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Larisa Yarovaya, 2024. "The use of high-frequency data in cryptocurrency research: a meta-review of literature with bibliometric analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-31, December.
    34. Bence Toth & Janos Kertesz, 2009. "The Epps effect revisited," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(7), pages 793-802.
    35. Katsiampa, Paraskevi, 2017. "Volatility estimation for Bitcoin: A comparison of GARCH models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 3-6.
    36. Aalborg, Halvor Aarhus & Molnár, Peter & de Vries, Jon Erik, 2019. "What can explain the price, volatility and trading volume of Bitcoin?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 255-265.
    37. Nick James, 2021. "Evolutionary correlation, regime switching, spectral dynamics and optimal trading strategies for cryptocurrencies and equities," Papers 2112.15321, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    38. Marcin Wk{a}torek & Jaros{l}aw Kwapie'n & Stanis{l}aw Dro.zd.z, 2023. "Cryptocurrencies Are Becoming Part of the World Global Financial Market," Papers 2303.00495, arXiv.org.
    39. David Vidal-Tomás & Ana M. Ibáñez & José E. Farinós, 2019. "Weak efficiency of the cryptocurrency market: a market portfolio approach," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(19), pages 1627-1633, November.
    40. Jin, Lifu & Zheng, Bo & Ma, Jiahao & Zhang, Jiu & Xiong, Long & Jiang, Xiongfei & Li, Jiangcheng, 2022. "Empirical study and model simulation of global stock market dynamics during COVID-19," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    41. Foroutan, Parisa & Lahmiri, Salim, 2022. "The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on return-volume and return-volatility relationships in cryptocurrency markets," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    42. Fry, John & Cheah, Eng-Tuck, 2016. "Negative bubbles and shocks in cryptocurrency markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 343-352.
    43. Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, 2016. "Hedging capabilities of bitcoin. Is it the virtual gold?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 139-144.
    44. Nie, Chun-Xiao, 2022. "Analysis of critical events in the correlation dynamics of cryptocurrency market," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 586(C).
    45. Kristjanpoller, Werner & Nekhili, Ramzi & Bouri, Elie, 2024. "Blockchain ETFs and the cryptocurrency and Nasdaq markets: Multifractal and asymmetric cross-correlations," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 637(C).
    46. Jiang, X.F. & Chen, T.T. & Zheng, B., 2013. "Time-reversal asymmetry in financial systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(21), pages 5369-5375.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aurelio F. Bariviera & Ignasi Merediz‐Solà, 2021. "Where Do We Stand In Cryptocurrencies Economic Research? A Survey Based On Hybrid Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 377-407, April.
    2. Helder Miguel Correia Virtuoso Sebastião & Paulo José Osório Rupino Da Cunha & Pedro Manuel Cortesão Godinho, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and blockchain. Overview and future perspectives," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 21(3), pages 305-342.
    3. Vidal-Tomás, David, 2021. "The entry and exit dynamics of the cryptocurrency market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    4. Chu, Jeffrey & Chan, Stephen & Zhang, Yuanyuan, 2021. "Bitcoin versus high-performance technology stocks in diversifying against global stock market indices," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 580(C).
    5. Jaros{l}aw Kwapie'n & Marcin Wk{a}torek & Stanis{l}aw Dro.zd.z, 2021. "Cryptocurrency Market Consolidation in 2020--2021," Papers 2112.06552, arXiv.org.
    6. Cynthia Weiyi Cai & Rui Xue & Bi Zhou, 2023. "Cryptocurrency puzzles: a comprehensive review and re-introduction," Journal of Accounting Literature, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(1), pages 26-50, June.
    7. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David, 2019. "Cryptocurrency market contagion: Market uncertainty, market complexity, and dynamic portfolios," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 37-51.
    8. Flori, Andrea, 2019. "News and subjective beliefs: A Bayesian approach to Bitcoin investments," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 336-356.
    9. Muhammad Anas & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Larisa Yarovaya, 2024. "The use of high-frequency data in cryptocurrency research: a meta-review of literature with bibliometric analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-31, December.
    10. Ahmed H. Elsayed & Giray Gozgor & Chi Keung Marco Lau, 2022. "Causality and dynamic spillovers among cryptocurrencies and currency markets," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 2026-2040, April.
    11. Toan Luu Duc Huynh & Rizwan Ahmed & Muhammad Ali Nasir & Muhammad Shahbaz & Ngoc Quang Anh Huynh, 2024. "The nexus between black and digital gold: evidence from US markets," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 334(1), pages 521-546, March.
    12. Haffar, Adlane & Le Fur, Eric, 2021. "Structural vector error correction modelling of Bitcoin price," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 170-178.
    13. Ahmed, Walid M.A., 2022. "Robust drivers of Bitcoin price movements: An extreme bounds analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    14. Andrea Flori, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies In Finance: Review And Applications," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(05), pages 1-22, August.
    15. Osman, Myriam Ben & Galariotis, Emilios & Guesmi, Khaled & Hamdi, Haykel & Naoui, Kamel, 2023. "Diversification in financial and crypto markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    16. Aysan, Ahmet Faruk & Demir, Ender & Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco, 2019. "Effects of the geopolitical risks on Bitcoin returns and volatility," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 511-518.
    17. Jareño, Francisco & González, María de la O & Tolentino, Marta & Sierra, Karen, 2020. "Bitcoin and gold price returns: A quantile regression and NARDL analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    18. Ángeles Cebrián-Hernández & Enrique Jiménez-Rodríguez, 2021. "Modeling of the Bitcoin Volatility through Key Financial Environment Variables: An Application of Conditional Correlation MGARCH Models," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, January.
    19. Urquhart, Andrew & Zhang, Hanxiong, 2019. "Is Bitcoin a hedge or safe haven for currencies? An intraday analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 49-57.
    20. Achraf Ghorbel & Wajdi Frikha & Yasmine Snene Manzli, 2022. "Testing for asymmetric non-linear short- and long-run relationships between crypto-currencies and stock markets," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 12(3), pages 387-425, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:668:y:2025:i:c:s0378437125002201. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.