Cellular automaton model for the analysis of design and plan of bus station in the mixed traffic environment

With the quick development of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), CAVs would gradually become an important part of urban traffic. Hence, the impacts of CAVs on urban traffic should be further explored. This study aims to analyze the mixed traffic comprising CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) in different urban scenarios in which different bus station types (i.e., roadside and bay bus stations) and capacities are considered. To do this analysis, this study proposes a cellular automaton model which simulates car following behaviours of vehicles using a two-state safe speed model, and designs specific modeling rules for lane-changing behaviours and vehicle behaviours near bus stations with consideration of the differences between CAVs and HDVs. The analysis results indicate that the impacts of various bus station types and capacities on the mixed traffic flow vary with traffic volumes, while increasing the CAV penetration rate can reduce the traffic congestion caused by bus stop-and-go. Furthermore, the study explores the optimal number of bus routes for different types of bus stations in different urban traffic scenarios, and several possible policy implications have been given according to the analysis results.