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Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior: A social interaction based model of exposure

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  • Farber, Steven
  • O'Kelly, Morton
  • Miller, Harvey J.
  • Neutens, Tijs

Abstract

Recent advances in transportation geography demonstrate the ability to compute a metropolitan scale metric of social interaction opportunities based on the time-geographic concept of joint accessibility. The method we put forward in this article decomposes the social interaction potential (SIP) metric into interactions within and between social groups, such as people of different race, income level, and occupation. This provides a novel metric of exposure, one of the fundamental spatial dimensions of segregation. In particular, the SIP metric is disaggregated into measures of inter-group and intra-group exposure. While activity spaces have been used to measure exposure in the geographic literature, these approaches do not adequately represent the dynamic nature of the target populations. We make the next step by representing both the source and target population groups by space–time prisms, thus more accurately representing spatial and temporal dynamics and constraints. Additionally, decomposition of the SIP metric means that each of the group-wise components of the SIP metric can be represented at zones of residence, workplace, and specific origin–destination pairs. Consequently, the spatial variation in segregation can be explored and hotspots of segregation and integration potential can be identified. The proposed approach is demonstrated for synthetic cities with different population distributions and daily commute flow characteristics, as well as for a case study of the Detroit–Warren–Livonia MSA.

Suggested Citation

  • Farber, Steven & O'Kelly, Morton & Miller, Harvey J. & Neutens, Tijs, 2015. "Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior: A social interaction based model of exposure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 26-38.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:49:y:2015:i:c:p:26-38
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.10.009
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    6. Tainá A Bittencourt & Mariana Giannotti & Eduardo Marques, 2021. "Cumulative (and self-reinforcing) spatial inequalities: Interactions between accessibility and segregation in four Brazilian metropolises," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(7), pages 1989-2005, September.
    7. David C Maré & Jacques Poot, 2022. "Accounting for social difference when measuring cultural diversity," Working Papers 22_04, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    8. Shen, Yao, 2019. "Segregation through space: A scope of the flow-based spatial interaction model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 10-23.
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    10. Netto, Vinicius M. & Meirelles, João Vitor & Ribeiro, Fabiano L., 2017. "Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy," SocArXiv kdfkt, Center for Open Science.
    11. Xia, Nan & Cheng, Liang & Chen, Song & Wei, XiaoYan & Zong, WenWen & Li, ManChun, 2018. "Accessibility based on Gravity-Radiation model and Google Maps API: A case study in Australia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 178-190.
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    13. Li He & Martin Trépanier & Bruno Agard, 2021. "Space–time classification of public transit smart card users’ activity locations from smart card data," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 579-595, October.
    14. Slovic, Anne Dorothée & Tomasiello, Diego Bogado & Giannotti, Mariana & Andrade, Maria de Fatima & Nardocci, Adelaide C., 2019. "The long road to achieving equity: Job accessibility restrictions and overlapping inequalities in the city of São Paulo," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 181-193.
    15. Luyu Liu & Adam Porr & Harvey J. Miller, 2023. "Realizable accessibility: evaluating the reliability of public transit accessibility using high-resolution real-time data," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 429-451, July.
    16. Bracarense, Lílian dos Santos Fontes Pereira & Oliveira, Renata Lúcia Magalhães de, 2021. "Access to urban activities during the Covid-19 pandemic and impacts on urban mobility: The Brazilian context," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 98-111.
    17. Kaihuai Liao & Peiyi Lv & Shixiang Wei & Tianlan Fu, 2022. "A Scientometric Review of Residential Segregation Research: A CiteSpace-Based Visualization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, December.
    18. Jennifer Candipan & Nolan Edward Phillips & Robert J Sampson & Mario Small, 2021. "From residence to movement: The nature of racial segregation in everyday urban mobility," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(15), pages 3095-3117, November.
    19. Abbasi, Sorath & Ko, Joonho & Min, Jaehong, 2021. "Measuring destination-based segregation through mobility patterns: Application of transport card data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    20. David C. Maré & Jacques Poot, 2019. "Commuting to diversity," Working Papers 19_20, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    21. Xiao Li & Steven Farber, 2016. "Spatial representation in the social interaction potential metric: an analysis of scale and parameter sensitivity," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 331-357, October.
    22. Vinicius M. Netto & Joao Meirelles & Fabiano L. Ribeiro, 2017. "Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-16, August.
    23. Le Roux, Guillaume & Vallée, Julie & Commenges, Hadrien, 2017. "Social segregation around the clock in the Paris region (France)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 134-145.

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