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Capital gains lock-in and governance choices

Author

Listed:
  • Dimmock, Stephen G.
  • Gerken, William C.
  • Ivković, Zoran
  • Weisbenner, Scott J.

Abstract

Differences in accrued gains and investors’ tax-sensitivity induce variation in a capital gains lock-in effect across mutual funds even for the same stock at the same time. Exploiting this variation, we show this effect influences funds’ governance decisions: higher capital gains decrease the likelihood a fund exits prior to contentious votes and increase the likelihood a fund votes against management. Consistent with tax motivation, these findings are concentrated among funds with tax-sensitive investors. Further, high aggregate capital gains across funds holding a stock predict a higher likelihood management loses a vote and a lower likelihood a contentious vote is proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Dimmock, Stephen G. & Gerken, William C. & Ivković, Zoran & Weisbenner, Scott J., 2018. "Capital gains lock-in and governance choices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(1), pages 113-135.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:127:y:2018:i:1:p:113-135
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.11.001
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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Yuan & Cheng, Xiaoke & Zhang, Wenyu & Shen, Haomin, 2024. "Individual investors’ dividend taxes and managerial myopia," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PB).
    2. Mariassunta Giannetti & Xiaoyun Yu, 2021. "Adapting to Radical Change: The Benefits of Short-Horizon Investors," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(7), pages 4032-4055, July.
    3. Xiaoran Huang & Zheng Qiao & Lei Zhang, 2021. "The real effects of institutional spatial concentration," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 50(4), pages 1113-1167, December.
    4. Clemens Sialm & Hanjiang Zhang, 2020. "Tax‐Efficient Asset Management: Evidence from Equity Mutual Funds," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(2), pages 735-777, April.
    5. Harford, Jarrad & Kecskés, Ambrus & Mansi, Sattar, 2018. "Do long-term investors improve corporate decision making?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 424-452.
    6. He, Eric & Jacob, Martin & Vashishtha, Rahul & Venkatachalam, Mohan, 2022. "Does differential taxation of short-term relative to long-term capital gains affect long-term investment?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1).
    7. Dasgupta, Amil & Fos, Vyacheslav & Sautner, Zacharias, 2021. "Institutional investors and corporate governance," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 112114, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Schwartz-Ziv, Miriam & Wermers, Russ, 2022. "Do institutional investors monitor their large-scale vs. small-scale investments differently? Evidence from the say-on-pay vote," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    9. Zhichuan Frank Li & Saurin Patel & Srikanth Ramani, 2021. "The Role of Mutual Funds in Corporate Social Responsibility," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 174(3), pages 715-737, December.
    10. Jing Xie, 2024. "Are passive investors also passive voters? Evidence from securities lending by mutual funds," Working Papers 202410, University of Macau, Faculty of Business Administration.
    11. Wang, Xianjue, 2022. "Disloyal managers and proxy voting," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    12. Dimmock, Stephen G. & Feng, Fan & Zhang, Huai, 2023. "Mutual funds' capital gains lock-in and earnings management," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    13. Kang, Ya & Li, Oliver Zhen & Lin, Yupeng, 2021. "Tax incidence in loan pricing," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(1).
    14. Masanori Orihara, 2023. "Election-Day Market Reactions to Tax Proposals: Evidence from a Close Vote," Working Papers 2219, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    15. Chris Mitchell, 2019. "The Lock-In Effect and the Corporate Payout Puzzle," ISER Discussion Paper 1070r, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, revised Aug 2021.
    16. Orihara, Masanori, 2024. "Election-day market reactions to tax proposals: Evidence from a close vote," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    17. Chris Mitchell, 2019. "The Lock-In Effect and the Corporate Payout Puzzle," ISER Discussion Paper 1070, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka.
    18. Farizo, Joseph D., 2022. "(Black)Rock the vote: Index funds and opposition to management," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    19. Yin, Wenjing & Wang, Gaomiao & Yu, Yumiao, 2025. "Watchdogs of greenwashing: The role of long-term institutional cross-ownership," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    20. Liu, Claire & Low, Angie & Putnins, Talis, 2024. "The real impacts of public short campaigns: Evidence from stakeholders," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    21. Foroughi, Pouyan & Marcus, Alan & Nguyen, Vinh, 2024. "Mutual fund pollution experience and environmental voting," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    22. Edmans, Alex & Holderness, Clifford, 2016. "Blockholders: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 11442, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    23. Brav, Alon & Cain, Matthew & Zytnick, Jonathon, 2022. "Retail shareholder participation in the proxy process: Monitoring, engagement, and voting," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(2), pages 492-522.
    24. Driss, Hamdi & Drobetz, Wolfgang & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane, 2021. "Institutional investment horizons, corporate governance, and credit ratings: International evidence," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General

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