IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/insuma/v62y2015icp79-90.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Valuing equity-linked death benefits with a threshold expense strategy

Author

Listed:
  • Zhou, Jiang
  • Wu, Lan

Abstract

We investigate equity-linked investment products with a threshold expense strategy, under which an insurance company will collect expenses continuously from the policyholder’s account only when the account value is lower than a pre-specified level. The logarithmic value of the policyholder’s account, before deducting any fees, is described by a jump diffusion process which is independent of the time-to-death random variable. The distribution of the time-to-death random variable is approximated by a combination of exponential distributions, which are dense in the space of density functions on [0,∞). We characterize the Laplace transform of the distribution of a general refracted jump diffusion process through some integro-differential equations. Besides, the distribution of a refracted double exponential jump diffusion process at an independent exponential random variable is derived, from which closed-form formulas to evaluate the total expenses and the fair fee rates are obtained. Finally, we illustrate our results by some numerical examples.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Jiang & Wu, Lan, 2015. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits with a threshold expense strategy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 79-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:62:y:2015:i:c:p:79-90
    DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2015.03.002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668715000244
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2015.03.002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ng, Andrew Cheuk-Yin & Li, Johnny Siu-Hang, 2011. "Valuing variable annuity guarantees with the multivariate Esscher transform," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 393-400.
    2. Ko, Bangwon & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Wei, Li, 2010. "Pricing maturity guarantee with dynamic withdrawal benefit," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 216-223, October.
    3. Merton, Robert C., 1976. "Option pricing when underlying stock returns are discontinuous," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1-2), pages 125-144.
    4. Bernard, Carole & Hardy, Mary & Mackay, Anne, 2014. "State-Dependent Fees For Variable Annuity Guarantees," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(3), pages 559-585, September.
    5. Delong, Łukasz, 2014. "Pricing and hedging of variable annuities with state-dependent fees," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 24-33.
    6. S. G. Kou, 2002. "A Jump-Diffusion Model for Option Pricing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(8), pages 1086-1101, August.
    7. Daniel Dufresne, 2007. "Fitting combinations of exponentials to probability distributions," Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(1), pages 23-48, January.
    8. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2013. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits in jump diffusion models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 615-623.
    9. Asmussen, Søren & Avram, Florin & Pistorius, Martijn R., 2004. "Russian and American put options under exponential phase-type Lévy models," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 109(1), pages 79-111, January.
    10. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2012. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits and other contingent options: A discounted density approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 73-92.
    11. Bauer, Daniel & Kling, Alexander & Russ, Jochen, 2008. "A Universal Pricing Framework for Guaranteed Minimum Benefits in Variable Annuities1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(2), pages 621-651, November.
    12. Lee, Hangsuck, 2003. "Pricing equity-indexed annuities with path-dependent options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 677-690, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kirkby, J. Lars & Nguyen, Duy, 2021. "Equity-linked Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits with dollar cost averaging," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 408-428.
    2. Wenguang Yu & Yaodi Yong & Guofeng Guan & Yujuan Huang & Wen Su & Chaoran Cui, 2019. "Valuing Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits by Cosine Series Expansion," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-15, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhou, Jiang & Wu, Lan, 2015. "The time of deducting fees for variable annuities under the state-dependent fee structure," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 125-134.
    2. Kirkby, J. Lars & Nguyen, Duy, 2021. "Equity-linked Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits with dollar cost averaging," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 408-428.
    3. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2013. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits in jump diffusion models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 615-623.
    4. Liang, Xiaoqing & Tsai, Cary Chi-Liang & Lu, Yi, 2016. "Valuing guaranteed equity-linked contracts under piecewise constant forces of mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 150-161.
    5. Gan, Guojun, 2013. "Application of data clustering and machine learning in variable annuity valuation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 795-801.
    6. Søren Asmussen & Patrick J. Laub & Hailiang Yang, 2019. "Phase-Type Models in Life Insurance: Fitting and Valuation of Equity-Linked Benefits," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, February.
    7. Hangsuck Lee & Gaeun Lee & Seongjoo Song, 2022. "Multi‐step reflection principle and barrier options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(4), pages 692-721, April.
    8. Tung-Lung Wu, 2020. "Boundary Crossing Probabilities of Jump Diffusion Processes to Time-Dependent Boundaries," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 13-24, March.
    9. Wang, Gu & Zou, Bin, 2021. "Optimal fee structure of variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 587-601.
    10. Hangsuck Lee & Gaeun Lee & Seongjoo Song, 2021. "Multi-step Reflection Principle and Barrier Options," Papers 2105.15008, arXiv.org.
    11. Michael A. Kouritzin & Anne MacKay, 2017. "VIX-linked fees for GMWBs via Explicit Solution Simulation Methods," Papers 1708.06886, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2018.
    12. Zbigniew Palmowski & Jos'e Luis P'erez & Kazutoshi Yamazaki, 2020. "Double continuation regions for American options under Poisson exercise opportunities," Papers 2004.03330, arXiv.org.
    13. Michael C. Fu & Bingqing Li & Guozhen Li & Rongwen Wu, 2017. "Option Pricing for a Jump-Diffusion Model with General Discrete Jump-Size Distributions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(11), pages 3961-3977, November.
    14. Fusai, Gianluca & Germano, Guido & Marazzina, Daniele, 2016. "Spitzer identity, Wiener-Hopf factorization and pricing of discretely monitored exotic options," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 251(1), pages 124-134.
    15. Zhenyu Cui & Anne MacKay & Marie-Claude Vachon, 2022. "Analysis of VIX-linked fee incentives in variable annuities via continuous-time Markov chain approximation," Papers 2207.14793, arXiv.org.
    16. Carbonneau, Alexandre, 2021. "Deep hedging of long-term financial derivatives," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 327-340.
    17. Fan, Kun & Shen, Yang & Siu, Tak Kuen & Wang, Rongming, 2015. "Pricing annuity guarantees under a double regime-switching model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 62-78.
    18. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2015. "Geometric stopping of a random walk and its applications to valuing equity-linked death benefits," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 313-325.
    19. Hainaut, Donatien, 2016. "Impact of volatility clustering on equity indexed annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 367-381.
    20. Wenguang Yu & Yaodi Yong & Guofeng Guan & Yujuan Huang & Wen Su & Chaoran Cui, 2019. "Valuing Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits by Cosine Series Expansion," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-15, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:62:y:2015:i:c:p:79-90. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505554 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.