IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ijocip/v33y2021ics1874548221000196.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Systematic Literature Review on RAMS analysis for critical infrastructures protection

Author

Listed:
  • Pirbhulal, Sandeep
  • Gkioulos, Vasileios
  • Katsikas, Sokratis

Abstract

Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety/Security (RAMS) analysis of Critical Infrastructures (CIs) can be applied to investigate their performance subjected to failure modes. The literature has witnessed earlier research approaches to RAM analysis. However, the integration of cybersecurity or safety aspects, along with the RAM to develop RAMS analysis methods, tools, and models, is a significant aspect for protecting CIs as their digitalization is progressing. In recent times, digital components and systems comprising information and communication technologies, smart devices, efficient gateways, faster protocols have transformed the CIs. This transformation comes with a considerable cost, such as the necessity to integrate innovative cyber-defense measures and policies due to new vulnerabilities, efficient maintenance strategies, risk management scenario development, resilience with self-healing architecture. Nevertheless, the current knowledge body lacks an up-to-date Systematic Literature Review (SLR) focused on addressing integrated protection aspects, recent developments, and evaluation criteria towards RAMS analysis for CIs. Accordingly, this study aims to provide a comprehensive SLR on existing studies dealing with developing techniques, methodologies, protocols, models, and RAMS analysis tools for different applications. This SLR followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. 1513 records published between 2011 and 2020 are initially identified, which are later screened to 212 records to be considered for the eligibility check process. Finally, after examining the exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 19 articles are included in this research. In this SLR, a comparative analysis of existing solutions based on included studies is presented in different aspects such as developed architectures and methodologies, performance evaluation mechanisms, implementation scenarios, targeted applications, pros and cons, and applied CIs protection aspects associated with RAMS. The findings suggest that RAMS analysis for CIs is an emerging research area, with currently focused applications including power grid stations, Cyber-Physical Systems, cloud computing, maritime transportation, and Industrial Control Systems. 36.8% of the studies have performed a real-time implementation, while the remaining approaches have either performed simulation or preliminary analysis. Also, 84.2% of the included studies focus on integrating only three aspects of CIs protection. Finally, the open research challenges and limitations of existing studies and their respective emerging solutions are presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Pirbhulal, Sandeep & Gkioulos, Vasileios & Katsikas, Sokratis, 2021. "A Systematic Literature Review on RAMS analysis for critical infrastructures protection," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ijocip:v:33:y:2021:i:c:s1874548221000196
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcip.2021.100427
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874548221000196
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijcip.2021.100427?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Graveto, Vitor & Rosa, Luís & Cruz, Tiago & Simões, Paulo, 2019. "A stealth monitoring mechanism for cyber-physical systems," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 126-143.
    2. A. Sayed & M. El-Shimy & M. El-Metwally & M. Elshahed, 2019. "Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Analysis for Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Guo, Haitao & Yang, Xianhui, 2007. "A simple reliability block diagram method for safety integrity verification," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 92(9), pages 1267-1273.
    4. Mishra, Sakshi & Anderson, Kate & Miller, Brian & Boyer, Kyle & Warren, Adam, 2020. "Microgrid resilience: A holistic approach for assessing threats, identifying vulnerabilities, and designing corresponding mitigation strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    5. Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Flynn, David & Abram, Simone & Geach, Dale & Jenkins, David & McCallum, Peter & Peacock, Andrew, 2019. "Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 143-174.
    6. Hossain, Niamat Ullah Ibne & Nur, Farjana & Hosseini, Seyedmohsen & Jaradat, Raed & Marufuzzaman, Mohammad & Puryear, Stephen M., 2019. "A Bayesian network based approach for modeling and assessing resilience: A case study of a full service deep water port," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 378-396.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Orlando Durán & Belén Vergara, 2022. "Maintenance Strategies Definition Based on Systemic Resilience Assessment: A Fuzzy Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karim L. Anaya & Michael G. Pollitt, 2021. "How to Procure Flexibility Services within the Electricity Distribution System: Lessons from an International Review of Innovation Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Michael J. Fell & Alexandra Schneiders & David Shipworth, 2019. "Consumer Demand for Blockchain-Enabled Peer-to-Peer Electricity Trading in the United Kingdom: An Online Survey Experiment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Boyu Liu & Xiameng Si & Haiyan Kang, 2022. "A Literature Review of Blockchain-Based Applications in Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-24, November.
    4. Matteo Vaccargiu & Andrea Pinna & Roberto Tonelli & Luisanna Cocco, 2023. "Blockchain in the Energy Sector for SDG Achievement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-23, October.
    5. Zhou, Yuekuan & Lund, Peter D., 2023. "Peer-to-peer energy sharing and trading of renewable energy in smart communities ─ trading pricing models, decision-making and agent-based collaboration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 177-193.
    6. Guelpa, Elisa & Bischi, Aldo & Verda, Vittorio & Chertkov, Michael & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 2-21.
    7. Schinckus, Christophe, 2022. "A Nuanced perspective on blockchain technology and healthcare," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    8. A. J. Jin & C. Li & J. Su & J. Tan, 2022. "Fundamental Studies of Smart Distributed Energy Resources along with Energy Blockchain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-12, October.
    9. Lijie, Chen & Tao, Tang & Xianqiong, Zhao & Schnieder, Eckehard, 2012. "Verification of the safety communication protocol in train control system using colored Petri net," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 8-18.
    10. Navid Shirzadi & Hadise Rasoulian & Fuzhan Nasiri & Ursula Eicker, 2022. "Resilience Enhancement of an Urban Microgrid during Off-Grid Mode Operation Using Critical Load Indicators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-15, October.
    11. Yang, Bofan & Zhang, Lin & Zhang, Bo & Xiang, Yang & An, Lei & Wang, Wenfeng, 2022. "Complex equipment system resilience: Composition, measurement and element analysis," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    12. Panagiota Xanthopoulou, 2022. "Blockchain and the digital transformation of the public sector: The Greek experience," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 32(1), pages 558-570, June.
    13. Mariz B. Arias & Sungwoo Bae, 2020. "Design Models for Power Flow Management of a Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System with Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, April.
    14. Omar A. Beg & Asad Ali Khan & Waqas Ur Rehman & Ali Hassan, 2023. "A Review of AI-Based Cyber-Attack Detection and Mitigation in Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-23, November.
    15. Mahmoona Khalil & Kausar Fiaz Khawaja & Muddassar Sarfraz, 2022. "The adoption of blockchain technology in the financial sector during the era of fourth industrial revolution: a moderated mediated model," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2435-2452, August.
    16. Pramod R. Sonawane & Sheetal Bhandari & Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil & Sameer Al-Dahidi, 2023. "Reliability and Criticality Analysis of a Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic System Using Fault Tree Analysis Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, March.
    17. Felix Garcia-Torres & Ascension Zafra-Cabeza & Carlos Silva & Stephane Grieu & Tejaswinee Darure & Ana Estanqueiro, 2021. "Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Functionalities: Review and Future Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-26, February.
    18. Alain Aoun & Mehdi Adda & Adrian Ilinca & Mazen Ghandour & Hussein Ibrahim, 2024. "Centralized vs. Decentralized Electric Grid Resilience Analysis Using Leontief’s Input–Output Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-21, March.
    19. Cemal Zehir & Melike Zehir, 2022. "Emerging blockchain solutions in the mobility ecosystem: Associated risks and areas for applications," Bussecon Review of Social Sciences (2687-2285), Bussecon International Academy, vol. 4(2), pages 01-14, April.
    20. Ji, Chenyi & Su, Xing & Qin, Zhongfu & Nawaz, Ahsan, 2022. "Probability Analysis of Construction Risk based on Noisy-or Gate Bayesian Networks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ijocip:v:33:y:2021:i:c:s1874548221000196. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-critical-infrastructure-protection .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.