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An experimental study of the dynamic behavior of a 2 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under various loading conditions

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  • Jian, Qifei
  • Zhao, Yang
  • Wang, Haoting

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of the PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell stack has great effect on the safety and effective operation of its applications. In this paper, a self-designed bulb-array is used to simulate the various loading conditions and study the dynamic behavior of a 2 kW PEM fuel cell stack. An evaluation index, including oscillation rate, pressure variation and dynamic resistance factor, is used to analyze the transient response of the PEM fuel cell stack. It is observed that the stack current increases about 8.6%, and the Oscillation rate decreases more rapidly after activation. In the step-up load stage, the oscillation rate and the dynamic resistance decrease more rapidly as the external load increases. Due to the periodic anodic purge process, a periodic voltage fluctuation can be seen. In addition, when the stack works in the open-loop state (working without the external load), the transient response of the stack current is significantly affected by the hydrogen humidity and the charge double-layer.

Suggested Citation

  • Jian, Qifei & Zhao, Yang & Wang, Haoting, 2015. "An experimental study of the dynamic behavior of a 2 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under various loading conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 740-745.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:80:y:2015:i:c:p:740-745
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.032
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zeng, Tao & Zhang, Caizhi & Zhou, Anjian & Wu, Qi & Deng, Chenghao & Chan, Siew Hwa & Chen, Jinrui & Foley, Aoife M., 2021. "Enhancing reactant mass transfer inside fuel cells to improve dynamic performance via intelligent hydrogen pressure control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    2. Bai, Xingying & Luo, Lizhong & Huang, Bi & Jian, Qifei & Cheng, Zongyi, 2022. "Performance improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack by dual-path hydrogen supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    3. Meng, Kai & Zhou, Haoran & Chen, Ben & Tu, Zhengkai, 2021. "Dynamic current cycles effect on the degradation characteristic of a H2/O2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    4. Spallina, V. & Matturro, G. & Ruocco, C. & Meloni, E. & Palma, V. & Fernandez, E. & Melendez, J. & Pacheco Tanaka, A.D. & Viviente Sole, J.L. & van Sint Annaland, M. & Gallucci, F., 2018. "Direct route from ethanol to pure hydrogen through autothermal reforming in a membrane reactor: Experimental demonstration, reactor modelling and design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 666-681.
    5. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2019. "Advances in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-end anode operation: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Zhiani, Mohammad & Majidi, Somayeh & Silva, Valter Bruno & Gharibi, Hussein, 2016. "Comparison of the performance and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) response of an activated PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) under low and high thermal and pressure stresses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 560-567.
    7. Yu, Wei & Tao, Jiabo & Yu, Xinhai & Zhao, Shuangliang & Tu, Shan-Tung & Liu, Honglai, 2017. "A microreactor with superhydrophobic Pt–Al2O3 catalyst coating concerning oxidation of hydrogen off-gas from fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1233-1244.
    8. Chen, Ben & Ke, Wandi & Luo, Maji & Wang, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai & Pan, Mu & Zhang, Haining & Liu, Xiaowei & Liu, Wei, 2015. "Operation characteristics and carbon corrosion of PEMFC (Proton exchange membrane fuel cell) with dead-ended anode for high hydrogen utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 799-806.
    9. Hedayati, Ali & Le Corre, Olivier & Lacarrière, Bruno & Llorca, Jordi, 2016. "Dynamic simulation of pure hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 316-324.
    10. Oh, Taek Hyun & Jang, Bosun & Kwon, Sejin, 2015. "Estimating the energy density of direct borohydride–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell systems for air-independent propulsion applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 980-986.
    11. Barzegari, Mohammad M. & Dardel, Morteza & Alizadeh, Ebrahim & Ramiar, Abas, 2016. "Reduced-order model of cascade-type PEM fuel cell stack with integrated humidifiers and water separators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 683-692.
    12. Zhang, Caizhi & Liu, Zhitao & Zhou, Weijiang & Chan, Siew Hwa & Wang, Youyi, 2015. "Dynamic performance of a high-temperature PEM fuel cell – An experimental study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1949-1955.
    13. Oh, Taek Hyun, 2016. "A formic acid hydrogen generator using Pd/C3N4 catalyst for mobile proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 679-685.

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